"Duel" hikoyasi 1905 yilda nashr etilgan va darhol A. I. Kuprinni mashhur qildi. Buning ajablanarli joyi yo'q, chunki o'sha davrdagi biron bir asarda armiya va uning axloqi bunday mahorat bilan tasvirlanmagan. Ushbu maqolada biz ushbu asar qahramonlari haqida gapiramiz, shuningdek, Kuprinning "Duel" hikoyasidagi Romashov obrazini ochib beramiz.
Esse fikri
Ushbu insho uchun materialni muallifga hayotning o'zi bergan. Yozuvchi kadet maktabini tamomlagan, keyin to'rt yil piyodalar polkida xizmat qilgan. Hikoya shu vaqt ichida to'plangan barcha taassurotlarga asoslanadi. Shuning uchun ham muallif epizodlarni juda real tasvirlay olgan armiya hayoti asarni askar va ofitser portretlarining butun galereyasi bilan boyitadi. “Duel” qissasidagi Romashov obrazi biroz keyinroq ochiladi, ammo hozircha biz boshqa qahramonlar haqida qisqacha to‘xtalib o‘tamiz.
Ofitserlar
N-polk ofitserlarining hayoti va xizmati umumiy xususiyatlarga ega. Ularning hayoti kundalik tartib bo'lib, armiya nizomlarini o'rganish, mashq qilish, ofitserlar uchrashuvlari, do'stlar bilan ichish, qimor va boshqa odamlarning xotinlari bilan zino qilish.
Boshqa tomondan, har bir ofitser o'ziga xoslik bilan ta'minlangan va qaysidir ma'noda umumiy fondan ajralib turadi. Masalan, yaxshi xulqli va kamtar leytenant Vetkin. U kelajak haqida o'ylamaydi va faqat yashaydi armiya kundalik hayoti. Kompaniya qo'mondoni Sliva - qo'pol, ahmoq kampaniyachi, qiyin xarakterga ega va qat'iy tartib-intizomni xohlaydi. U nizom, shakllanish va kompaniya chegarasidan tashqarida bo'lgan narsaga qiziqmaydi. Olxo'rining faqat ikkita qo'shimchasi bor: kechqurun yolg'iz ichish va o'z kompaniyasining harbiy go'zalligi. Leytenant Bek-Agamalov doimiy ravishda qonxo'r instinktlar bilan kurashadi va ularga dosh bera olmaydi. Kapitan Osadchi biroz "Duel" hikoyasidagi Romashov obrazini eslatadi, lekin Yuriydan farqli o'laroq, u haddan tashqari shafqatsiz. Kapitan tom ma'noda shafqatsiz urushni kuylaydi va shu bilan o'z qo'l ostidagilarida hayrat uyg'otadi. Belgilar galereyasi passiv va melankolik kapitan Leshchenko bilan davom etadi, u o'zining tashqi ko'rinishi bilan melankoliyani uyg'otadi; o'zini nafis xulq-atvorga ega bo'lgan yuqori jamiyat odami deb hisoblaydigan qo'g'irchoq va fop Bobetinskiy; yosh chol, leytenant Olizar va boshqalar. Bechora beva leytenant Zegrjtga chin dildan achinaman, uning maoshi to‘rt bolani boqishga zo‘rg‘a yetadi. “Duel” qissasidagi Romashov obrazini ochishdan oldin ikkita rang-barang qahramon haqida qisqacha to‘xtalib o‘tamiz.
Podpolkovnik Rafalskiy
Muntazam va zerikishdan qochish uchun har bir ofitser harbiy xizmatning og'ir bema'niliklaridan xalos bo'lishga yordam beradigan o'ziga xos faoliyatni o'ylab topdi. Brem laqabli podpolkovnik Rafalskiyning chorva mollari bor edi. Hamkasblari orasida u odam sifatida tanilgan eng mehribon ruh, yoqimli va shirin eksantrik. Ammo bir kuni charchagan buzg'unchi o'z buyrug'ini kutganidek bajarmadi va bu yaxshi odam shunchaki aqldan ozdi va askarning jag'iga shunday kuch bilan urdiki, u bir necha tishini yo'qotdi.
Kapitan Stelkovskiy
Harbiy ishlar uning chaqiruvi edi. U o'z askarlariga g'amxo'rlik qildi, shuning uchun uning kompaniyasi polkdagi eng yaxshisi edi: undagi barcha odamlar maxsus tanlanganga o'xshaydi. Ular to‘yib-to‘yib, jonli aylanib yurdilar, atrofdagi vaziyatni hushyorlik bilan baholadilar va hech qanday hokimiyatning ko‘ziga qarashdan qo‘rqmadilar. Stelkovskiyning kompaniyasida so'kinish yoki janjal bo'lmagan. Mashg'ulot va tashqi ko'rinish jihatidan u hech qanday qo'riqchilar bo'linmasidan kam emas edi. Harbiy paradlarda kapitan o‘zini faol, zukko va topqir qo‘mondon sifatida ko‘rsatdi. Biroq, xizmatdan tashqari uning harakatlarida olijanoblik yo'q: u yosh dehqon ayollarini vasvasaga soladi. Bu kapitan uchun o'ziga xos o'yin-kulgiga aylandi.
Ikki bosh qahramon
Sabr qiling, biroz ko'proq - va biz Romashov obrazini tasvirlaymiz. "Duel" bizga harbiy xizmat sharoitida odamlarning ruhiy vayronagarchilik, g'ayriinsoniylik, vulgarizatsiya va ezilishini ochib beradi. Muallif o'jar ofitserlar kastasi bilan ofitser muhitiga kim qarshi chiqadi? Ikkinchi leytenant Romashov va uning katta do'sti ofitser Nazanskiy. Ular asarda insonparvarlik tamoyilini aks ettiradi. Keling, ularni batafsil ko'rib chiqaylik. Va, albatta, birinchisidan boshlaylik. Xo'sh, muallif "Duel" qissasida Romashov obrazini qanday chizadi?
Yuriy Romashov
Ko'pchilik adabiyot tarixchilari va tanqidchilar Kuprin o'zining avtobiografik xususiyatlarini bosh qahramon obraziga qo'yganiga rozi bo'lishadi: Yuriy Narovchata shahrida tug'ilgan, u otasini eslamaydi (faqat onasini), bolaligini Moskvada o'tkazgan, kadetlar korpusida o'qigan, va keyin ketdi harbiy maktab. Bularning barchasi Kuprin hayotining sharoitlariga mos keladi.
Yuriy Romashov o'quvchiga maftunkor yigit sifatida ko'rinadi, o'zining ma'naviy pokligi va olijanobligi bilan o'ziga jalb qiladi. Aynan shu fazilatlar leytenantga armiya muhitiga moslashishga imkon bermaydi. Yuriy sodda va mehribon, bolaning orzusi va yorqin tasavvuriga ega. Va uning atrofidagi deyarli barcha odamlar yovuz va qanday fikrlashni unutgan. Shu sababli, leytenant askarlar orasida o'zini yolg'iz va begona his qiladi: bir yarim yil ofitserlik xizmati davomida uni befarq va do'stona odamlar orasida yo'qolgan va yolg'iz qolish hissi doimo qiynagan. Yuriyga harbiylarning qo'pol odatlari, qo'pol munosabatlari, ichkilik ichish, qimor o'ynash va askarlarning bezoriliklari yoqmasdi.
Kuprinning "Duel" hikoyasidagi Romashov obrazi o'quvchida boshqalarning baxtsizligiga hamdardlik va hamdardlikni uyg'otadigan tarzda o'ylangan. Shunday qilib, Yuriy rus tilini kam biladigan va polkovnikning buyruqlarini deyarli tushunmaydigan tatar Sharafutdinovni himoya qildi. U, shuningdek, Klebnikovni o'z joniga qasd qilishdan saqladi (askarlar uni kaltaklash va zo'ravonlik bilan umidsizlikka tushirishdi). Boshqa harbiylardan farqli o'laroq, Yuriy Xlebnikov qanchalik monoton itoatkor va uyatchan bo'lmasin, u mexanik miqdor emas, balki tirik odam ekanligini tushunadi.
Leytenantning insoniyligi boshqa yo'llar bilan ham yaqqol namoyon bo'ldi: askarlarning tinch aholiga qarshi qatag'onlarini muhokama qilishda, tartibli Gainanga va uning butparast e'tiqodlariga bo'lgan munosabatida, Raisa Peterson bilan qo'pol munosabatidan xavotirda va hokazo.
"Duel" qissasidagi Romashov obrazi (tirnoqlar bilan)
A.I. nashr etilib, shuhrat qozongach, qahramonning eng sevimli iboralari darhol adabiy nashrlarda chiqa boshladi. Shuningdek, biz Yuriy Romashovning hikoyasidan uning xarakterini eng aniq ochib beradigan eng yaxshi iqtiboslarini tanlashga qaror qildik. Sizni ular bilan tanishishga taklif qilamiz.
Aleksandra Petrovnaga bo'lgan sevgi haqida:
“Sevgi eng ajoyib va ajoyib tuyg'u. Yiliga kamida bir marta sevganingizni ko'rish katta baxt. U uchun va uning har qanday injiqliklari uchun men jonimni berishga tayyorman”.
Askarlar haqida:
"Ofitserlar g'azablangan va ahmoq, lekin ayni paytda "o'z kiyimi sharafi" bilan faxrlanadilar. Ular har kuni oddiy odamlarni urib, itoatkor va yuzsiz qullarga aylantirdilar. Ular armiya oldidan kim bo'lishidan qat'i nazar, bu ularni bir-biridan ajratib bo'lmaydigan qilib qo'ydi”.
Kasb haqida:
"Insonning faqat uchta mag'rur chaqiruvi borligi haqidagi g'oya menga tobora ravshan bo'lib bormoqda: erkin jismoniy mehnat, san'at va fan."
Nazanskiy
"Duel" qissasidagi Romashov obrazi (yuqoridagi qahramonni tavsiflovchi iqtiboslarni o'qishingiz mumkin) asardagi asosiy obrazdir. Ammo asardagi hayotiy ahamiyatga ega bo'lmagan qahramon sifatida Nazanskiyni ta'kidlab o'tish mumkin emas. Aftidan, muallif o‘zining g‘oyaviy qarashlarini, aziz fikrlarini ifodalash uchun kiritgan. Siz so'rashingiz mumkin, nega bularning barchasini bosh qahramon timsolida aks ettirmaysiz? Bizningcha, muallif bu falsafani ifodalash uchun leytenantni juda ham o‘qimagan va yosh deb hisoblagan. Va Nazanskiy Romashov obrazini juda yaxshi va juda muvaffaqiyatli to'ldirdi. Kuprinning "Duel" ning yaxshi tomoni shundaki, unda bir-birini to'ldiradigan ko'plab belgilar mavjud.
Nazanskiy falsafasi
Nazanskiy qo'shniga bo'lgan sevgi haqidagi xushxabar ko'rsatmalariga begona. Uning fikricha, vaqt o‘tishi bilan insoniyatga bo‘lgan muhabbat o‘z-o‘ziga bo‘lgan muhabbat bilan almashtiriladi: insonning aqli, tanasi va tuyg‘ularining cheksiz rang-barangligi... “Har bir inson dunyoning shohi, uning g‘ururi va ziynati bo‘lishi kerak, nima bo‘lsa, o‘ziga bo‘lsin. istaydi. Hech kimdan qo'rqishning hojati yo'q, sizning tengingiz yo'q. Vaqt keladiki, insonning o'ziga bo'lgan ishonchi hamma odamlarda paydo bo'ladi. Va keyin hasad, yomonlik, yomonlik, rahm-shafqat, hamkasblar, xo'jayinlar va qullar bo'lmaydi. Odamlar xudolarga aylanadilar." Xarakterning bu pozitsiyasi Nitsshe ruhidagi supermen nazariyasiga mos keladi. 20-asrning boshlarida u juda mashhur edi. Ko‘rinib turibdiki, asar muallifini ham o‘ziga tortib ketgan.
Xulosa
Shunday qilib, biz hikoyaning asosiy qahramonlarini tavsifladik va umid qilamizki, mavzuni to'liq qamrab oldik: “Kuprin. "Duel": Romashov obrazi." Va oxirgi narsa ...
Leytenant Nazanskiyni hayrat bilan tinglagan bo'lsa-da, Nitsshening ta'limoti unga begona edi. U zaif va himoyasizlarga nisbatan nafratni qabul qilmaydi. Yuriy Gaynanga qanchalik mehribon bo'lganini va Xlebnikovga qanchalik ehtiyotkorlik bilan munosabatda bo'lganini eslash kifoya. Nazanskiyning yorqinligi va aql-zakovatiga qaramay, "Duel" hikoyasidagi Romashov obrazi ancha olijanob va jozibali. Ko‘rinib turibdiki, muallif uni shunday qilish orqali o‘quvchiga munosib va adolatli odam har doim boshqalardan ustun bo'ladi va ma'naviy g'alaba qozonadi.
"Duel" birinchi marta 1905 yilda nashr etilgan. Unda muallif ofitser hayotining o'zi bilgan barcha kamchiliklarini ko'rsatdi. U hikoyaning bosh qahramoni, yosh ikkinchi leytenant Romashovga ozgina avtobiografik xususiyatlar berdi. Hikoyani o'qib, biz bir vaqtning o'zida bir nechta tematik chiziqlarga ega ekanligini ko'ramiz. Birinchidan, bu ofitser muhiti. Keyin askarlarning jangovar va kazarma hayoti va nihoyat, odamlarning shaxsiy munosabatlari.
"Polk xonimlari" ga kelsak, muallif ularga bermadi ijobiy fazilatlar. Yashash uzoq yillar ofitserlar orasida ular yanada pragmatik, qattiqqo'l va qo'polroq bo'lishdi. Kuprin ochiqchasiga ba'zi ofitserlarning xotinlarini "qo'g'irchoqlar" va "manekenlar" deb ataydi. Ular yoqimli, xushbo'y atir surtadilar, butun yuzlarini bo'yanish bilan oqartirishga tayyor, ammo ularning qalblari qorong'i bo'lib qoladi. Bu, masalan, etuk turmushga chiqqan ayol Raisa Peterson bo'lib, u bosh qahramon, yosh ikkinchi leytenantni o'z ta'qiblari bilan bezovta qiladi.
Doimiy ta'qiblardan charchagan u ayolni rad etadi va uni yolg'iz qoldirishni so'raydi. Ammo Peterson bu kelishuvdan mamnun emas. U Romashovning Nikolaevlar uyiga kechqurun tashrif buyurishini bilib, leytenantning rafiqasi Shurochka bilan iliq munosabatda bo'lganidan shubhalana boshlaydi. Keyin bezovtalangan ayol Nikolaevga xotinining xatti-harakatlariga e'tibor berishni so'rab, anonim xat yozishni boshlaydi. Ushbu anonim xatlar keyinchalik ikkala ofitser o'rtasidagi do'stona munosabatlarning buzilishiga sabab bo'ldi.
Shunday qilib, muallif Raisa hech qanday axloqiy tamoyillar yo'qligi bilan qo'pol va ahamiyatsiz shaxs ekanligini ko'rsatadi. Bundan tashqari, u garnizondagi yagona emas. Shuningdek, yovuz ikkiyuzlamachi g'iybatchilar, kapitan Telman va A.I. Migunovning xotini. Aleksandra Petrovna Nikolaevaga (Shurochka) kelsak, yagona muallif uni ozmi-ko'pmi fazilatli, aqlli va maftunkor sifatida tasvirlaydi. U polk g'iybatlari va fitnalarida qatnashmaydi va behayo vasvasa o'yinlarini o'ynamaydi.
Shu bilan birga, u Romashovga nisbatan do'stona munosabatlardan bir oz ko'proq narsani ko'rsatadi. Shurochka aqlli, iste'dodli va qiziqarli. U kimnidir yutib olishni biladi, kim bilan va qanday muloqot qilishni biladi va kiyim tanlashda tabiiy ta'mga ega. Muallif buni ko'rsatadi asosiy vazifa- o'rtamiyona eriga akademiyada imtihon topshirishga yordam bering va obro'sini yo'qotmang. Bu ahmoq va o'rtamiyona odam uchun u Romashovni qurbon qiladi. Shu sababli, ish oxirida uning barcha afzalliklari nolga kamayadi.
"Duel" hikoyasining mavzusi nima?
(Hikoyaning asosiy mavzusi - armiya inqirozi orqali ko'rsatilgan Rossiyaning, rus hayotining barcha sohalarining inqirozi.)
O'qituvchining fikri:
Gorkiy hikoyaning tanqidiy yo'nalishini ta'kidlab, "Duel" ni fuqarolik, inqilobiy nasr sifatida tasnifladi. Hikoya keng rezonansga ega bo'lib, Kupringa butun Rossiya shuhratini keltirdi va matbuotda rus armiyasining taqdiri haqida bahs-munozaralarga sabab bo'ldi. Armiya muammolari doimo aks ettiriladi va umumiy muammolar jamiyat. Shu ma'noda, Kuprinning hikoyasi bugungi kunda ham dolzarbdir.
“Duel” qissasini oʻzining birinchi (1905) nashrida M.Gorkiyga bagʻishlagan Kuprin unga shunday deb yozgan edi: “Endi, nihoyat, hamma narsa tugagach, aytishim mumkinki, mening hikoyamdagi jasur va zoʻravonliklarning hammasi siznikidir. Agar sizdan qanchalar o‘rganganimni va buning uchun sizdan qanchalik minnatdor ekanligimni bilsangiz edi”.
Sizningcha, "Duel" haqida nima "jasur va vahshiy"?
(Muhokama.)
Armiya inqirozi, Rossiya inqirozi bilan bir qatorda, Kuprinni qaysi mavzu qiziqtiradi?
(Urushga qarshi norozilik mavzusi. Kuprin urushlarning ma'nosizligi va g'ayriinsoniyligini ko'rsatadi).
O'qituvchining fikri:
Hikoyaning urushga qarshi yo'nalishi L. N. Tolstoy tomonidan qayd etilgan. Aytgancha, Tolstoyning "To'pdan keyin" hikoyasi ham 1905 yilda yozilgan, uning mavzusi "Duel" ga yaqin. “Duel”ning bosh qahramoni Romashovning fikricha, oqilona tashkil etilgan jamiyatda urushlar bo‘lmasligi kerak: “Balki bularning barchasi qandaydir keng tarqalgan xato, qandaydir dunyoviy aldanish, aqlsizlikdir? O'ldirish tabiiymi? Romashov sodda tarzda urushni yo'q qilish uchun hamma odamlar to'satdan yorug'likni ko'rishlari va bir ovozdan: "Men jang qilishni xohlamayman!" va qurollarini tashladilar. Hikoyada bir nechta tematik chiziqlar mavjud: ofitserlar hayoti, askarlarning jangovar va kazarma hayoti, odamlar o'rtasidagi munosabatlar. Ma'lum bo'lishicha, hamma ham Romashov kabi pasifistik qarashlarga ega emas.
Kuprin ofitserlarning suratlarini qanday chizadi?
(Kuprin juda yaxshi bilardi armiya muhiti ko'p yillik tajribamga asoslanib. Ofitserlarning tasvirlari aniq, real, shafqatsiz haqiqiylik bilan berilgan. "Duel" dagi deyarli barcha ofitserlar bema'nilar, ichkilikbozlar, ahmoq va shafqatsiz mansabparastlar va johillardir. Bundan tashqari, ular o'zlarining sinfiy va ma'naviy ustunliklariga ishonadilar va tinch aholiga nisbatan nafrat bilan munosabatda bo'lishadi, ularni "grouse", "shpak", "shtafirka" deb atashadi. Hatto Pushkin ham ular uchun "qandaydir shpak". Ular orasida "tinchlik fuqaroni hech qanday sababsiz kaltaklash yoki kaltaklash, burniga yondirilgan sigaret o'chirish, quloqlariga qalpoqchani tortib olish yoshlik" hisoblanadi.)
Ofitserlarning takabburligi va qo‘polligining sababi nimada?
(Asossiz takabburlik, “bir xil nomus” va umuman or-nomus haqidagi buzuq g‘oyalar, qo‘pollik jamiyatdan ajralganlik, jamiyatdan ajralganlik, harakatsizlik, ahmoqona mashg‘ulotlar oqibatidir. Qandaydir ko‘r, jonivor, bema’ni odam o‘zini xunuk quvnoqlik, ichkilikbozlik va mastlik bilan namoyon qiladi. bema'ni anticlar o'lik g'amginlik va monotoniyaga qarshi isyon.Ofitserlar o'ylash va mulohaza yuritishga odatlanmagan, ba'zilari bunga jiddiy ishonishadi. harbiy xizmat Umuman olganda, "siz o'ylamasligingiz kerak". Shunga o'xshash fikrlar, masalan, "Urush va tinchlik" romanidagi Nikolay Rostovga tashrif buyurganini eslaylik.)
O'qituvchining fikri:
Adabiyotshunos Yu.V. Babicheva “Duel” haqida shunday yozadi: “Polk ofitserlari tabaqaviy cheklovlar, bema'ni shafqatsizlik, beadablik, qo'pollik va takabburlikning aniq belgilariga ega yagona "tipik" yuzga ega. Shu bilan birga, syujet rivojlanib borar ekan, har bir ofitser o'z kastasining xunukligiga xos bo'lib, armiyaning halokatli ta'siri bo'lmaganda, hech bo'lmaganda bir lahzaga qanday bo'lishi mumkin bo'lganini ko'rsatadi.
"Duel" hikoyasidagi zobitlarning bitta "odatiy" yuzi borligiga rozimisiz? Agar shunday bo'lsa, bu "birlik" qanday namoyon bo'ladi?
Kuprin hikoyasining qahramonlari bo'lgan ofitserlarning har biri "hech bo'lmaganda bir lahzaga armiyaning halokatli ta'siri bo'lmaganida qanday bo'lishi mumkin edi" degani rostmi?
(Yozuvchi ofitser muhitini vertikal qismda ko'rsatadi: kaprallar, kichik ofitserlar, katta ofitserlar, katta ofitserlar. “Bir nechta ambitsiyali va mansabparastlardan tashqari, barcha ofitserlar majburiy, yoqimsiz, jirkanch korvée bo'lib xizmat qilishgan, ular bilan ovora bo'lishgan. uni sevaman.” Aksariyat ofitserlarga xos bo'lgan umumiy xususiyatlardan tashqari, ularning har birida mavjud shaxsiy xususiyatlar, shunchalik yorqin va ifodali tasvirlanganki, tasvir deyarli ramziy bo'lib qoladi.)
Osadchi obrazi haqida nima deya olasiz?
(Osadchi qiyofasi dahshatli. “U zolim odam”, deydi Romashov. Osadchining shafqatsizligini uning momaqaldiroqli ovozi va g'ayriinsoniy zarbadan titrab turgan askarlar doimo boshdan kechirgan. Osadchi rotasida askarlarning o'z joniga qasd qilishlari. boshqalarga qaraganda tez-tez sodir bo'ldi.Hayvonot, Qonxo'r Osadchi duel haqidagi bahslarda duelning halokatli natijasi zarurligini ta'kidlaydi - "aks holda bu faqat ahmoqona afsus ... komediya bo'ladi." Piknikda. , u "oldingi urushlar quvonchiga, quvnoq qonli shafqatsizlikka" tost qiladi. Qonli jangda u zavq oladi, qon hididan mast bo'ladi, u butun umrini chopishga, pichoqlashga, otishga tayyor - kim va nima uchun bo'lishidan qat'iy nazar ( VIII bob, XIV).)
Kapitan Plum haqidagi taassurotlaringiz haqida bizga xabar bering.
(Kapitan Sliva - "hatto, yovvoyi viloyat hayoti sharoiti tufayli, ayniqsa, insonparvarlik yo'nalishi bilan ajralib turmagan polkda ham, u bu dahshatli harbiy antik davrning qandaydir g'alati yodgorligi bo'lgan." U bironta ham o'qimagan. kitob, bitta gazeta emas, va tuzilma, nizom va kompaniya chegarasidan tashqariga chiqqan hamma narsani mensimagan.Bu sust, kamsitilgan odam, u askarlarni qonlari oqguncha ayovsiz kaltaklaydi, lekin askarlarning ehtiyojlariga e'tibor beradi: u pulni ushlab turmaydi, u kompaniya qozonini shaxsan kuzatib boradi (X bob).
Kapitan Stelkovskiy obrazi o'rtasidagi farq nima?
(Ehtimol, faqat kapitan Stelkovskiyning qiyofasi - sabrli, sovuqqon, qat'iyatli - jirkanchlikni keltirib chiqarmaydi. Askarlar uni "haqiqatan ham yaxshi ko'rishardi: namuna, ehtimol, rus armiyasidagi yagona" (XV bob).
Nima o'ziga xos xususiyatlar Bek-Agamalova?
(Bek-Agamalov chopish qobiliyati bilan maqtanib, odamni ikkiga bo‘lmasa kerak, deb afsus bilan aytadi: “Boshini do‘zaxga olib boraman, buni bilaman, lekin qiyshiq bo‘lishi uchun... yo‘q. Otam buni osonlik bilan uddaladi...” (“Ha, bizning davrimizda ham bor edi...”) Yomon ko‘zlari, ilmoqli burni va yalang‘och tishlari bilan u “qandaydir yirtqich, jahldor va mag‘rur qushga o‘xshardi”. (I bob).
Bek-Agamalovning fazilatlari har bir ofitserda mavjud. Ko'pchilik odatda hayvonlarga o'xshash tabiati bilan ajralib turadi. Fohishaxonadagi janjal paytida bu hayvon mohiyati ayniqsa yaqqol namoyon bo'ladi: Bek-Agamalovning dumaloq ko'zlarida "ochilgan dumaloq oqlar dahshatli porladi", boshi "past va qo'rqinchli tarzda pastga tushdi", "ko'zlarida dahshatli sariq porladi. ” "Va shu bilan birga, u oyoqlarini pastga va pastga egdi, butunlay qisqardi va sakrashga tayyor hayvon kabi bo'ynini o'ziga tortdi.")
Fohishaxonadagi janjaldan keyin zobitlar o‘zlarini qanday his qilishadi?
(Mushtlashuv va duelga da’vat bilan yakunlangan bu janjaldan so‘ng “hamma tarqalib ketdi, xijolat tortdi, tushkunlikka tushdi, bir-biriga qarashdan qochdi. Har kim o‘zining dahshatini, qullik, aybdor ohangini boshqalarning ko‘zida o‘qishdan qo‘rqardi. - kichik, yovuz va iflos hayvonlarning dahshat va ohangdorligi (XIX bob).
O'qituvchining fikri:
Keling, ushbu ta'rifning quyidagi ta'rifi bilan qarama-qarshiligiga e'tibor qarataylik, tongning "musaffo, bolalardek osmon va hali ham salqin havo bilan. Ho‘l, zo‘rg‘a ko‘rinadigan bug‘ga burkangan daraxtlar tungi qorong‘u, sirli tushlaridan indamay uyg‘onishdi”. Romashov o'zini "uyqudan jilmaygan bu begunoh go'zallik orasida qisqa, jirkanch, xunuk va cheksiz begona" his qiladi.
"Polk xonimlari" qanday tasvirlangan?
(Ofitserlarning xotinlari ham xuddi erlari kabi yirtqich va qonxo'r. Polk xonimlari haddan tashqari qashshoqlikning timsoli. Ularning kundalik hayoti g'iybatdan, dunyoviylikning viloyat o'yini, zerikarli va qo'pol aloqalardan to'qilgan. Eng jirkanch obraz - Raisa Peterson, yovuz, ahmoq, buzuq va qasoskor."Oh, u qanday jirkanch!"- Romashov u haqida nafrat bilan o'ylaydi.4-Bu ayol bilan avvalgi jismoniy yaqinligi haqida o'ylamaslik unga bir necha oy yuvinmagandek tuyg'uni berdi. va choyshabni o'zgartirmagan (IX bob) Qolgan "xonimlar" ham yaxshiroq emas. Hatto tashqi maftunkor Shurochka Nikolaeva ham Osadchining o'ziga xos xususiyatlarini ko'rsatadi, u o'ziga o'xshamaydi: u halokatli janglarni yoqlaydi: " Men bunday odamlarni quturgan itlar kabi otib tashlagan bo'lardim." Qolmagan: "Men bolani xohlamayman. Uf, qanday jirkanch!" - deb tan oladi u Romashovga (XIV bob).
Askarlar tasvirining o'ziga xos xususiyati nimada?
(Askarlar ommaviy, milliy kompozitsiyada rang-barang, lekin mohiyati jihatidan kulrang tasvirlangan. Askarlar mutlaqo ojiz: ofitserlar ulardan g'azabini chiqaradilar, urishadi, tishlarini ezadi, quloqlarini sindiradi. Kuprin ham individual tasvirlarni beradi. (hikoyada ularning yigirmaga yaqini bor). Butun qator oddiy askarlar - XI bobda: aqli zaif, aqli past Bondarenko, "eng oddiy narsalarni tushunmaydigan va o'rgana olmaydigan" Arkhipovning hayqiriqlaridan qo'rqib ketgan, kar bo'lgan, mag'lub Xlebnikov, bilimli, aqlli, mustaqil Fokin. )
Xlebnikov obrazining roli qanday?
(Yersiz, xaroba va qashshoq rus dehqoni, “askarga solingan” oddiy Xlebnikov obrazi boshqalarga qaraganda batafsilroq tasvirlangan. Xlebnikovning askar taqdiri alamli va achinarli. Unga jismoniy jazo va doimiy tahqirlash. Bemor va zaif, Bema'ni ko'tarilgan iflos burni chiqib ketgan yuzi, zerikarli, itoatkor dahshat muzlagan ko'zlari bilan bu askar kompaniyada umumiy kulgiga aylandi va masxara va haqorat ob'ektiga aylandi. -odam, Xlebnikovga achindi, Romashov dedi: "Xlebnikov, o'zingni yomon his qilyapsanmi? Va men o'zimni yaxshi his qilmayapman, azizim... Men dunyoda bo'layotgan hech narsani tushunmayapman. Hamma narsa qandaydir" yovvoyi, bema'ni, shafqatsiz safsatalarga!.. Lekin chidash kerak, azizim, biz chidashimiz kerak...” Shafqatsizlik, adolatsizlik, hayot tartibining bema'niligi ayon bo'ladi, ammo qahramon bu dahshatdan boshqa yo'lni ko'rmaydi. sabrdan ko'ra.)
“rPMLPCHSHCHE DBNSHCH” YMY “TSEOSH PJYGETPCH”
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rTYENOSCHK DEOSH KH ELBFETYOSCH UETZEECHOSCH VSHM UHVVPFB. u CHYYFPN S PFRTBCHYMUS, ULPMSHLP RPNOYFUS, CH PDYOPYULH. hCE RPDIPDS L RPDYAEDH, NOE UIMSHOP OE RPOTBCHYMPUSH, YuFP CHEUSH DCHPT VSHM RPMPO LBTEF. VSHCHMY Y RTDCHPTOSCH. bChFPNPVYMEK CH FP CHTENS EEE OE CHPDYMPUSH, RP LTBKOEK NETE CH PVEEN PVIIPDE. chPYYEM S CH YCHEKGBTULHA, UOSMY U NEOS RBMSHFP Y S, LBL RPMBZBMPUSH, CH UBNPN OPChPN UATFHLE, U DMYOOSHNY YFBOBNY, U YBYLPK YUETE RMEYUP, MECHBS THLB CHTYUBLEFMSFLPH, MECHBS THLB CHTYBLEFMSLEKHREKH , UP UDBCHMEOOOSCHN UETDGEN, RSHCHFLKH HAQIDA RPIYEM. rTPYYEM DCH RHUFSHCH Y RPDPYEM L VPMSHYPK ZPUFYOOPK, PFLKHDB UMSHCHYBMYUSH PTSYCHMEOOOSCH ZPMPUB. YYEM DPCHPMSHOP VSHUFTP BILAN dMS VPDTPUFY. ZPUFYOOBS VSHMB OE PYUEOSH VPMSHYBS Y DMS TPVLPZP CHYYFETB CHEUSHNB RPDMP KHUFTPEOOBS. pLPMP DCHETY VSHM RPUFBCHMEO VPMSHYPK TEOPK LTBUOPZP DETECHB "FTEMSHSTs", OBDP RPMBZBFSH EEE CHTENEO bMELUBODTTB I, LPZDB ON OBOMEDOILPN FPNBODPCHBM UENEOPCHNEPNDPs. fTEMSHSTS LFPF LBL YYTNB BUMPOSM PF CHIPDICHYEZP CHUA ZPUFYOOKHA, UP CHUENY ZPUFSNY. b LPZDB EZP PVPZOEYSH, FP HAQIDA VSHUFTPN IPDH, FHF DKHNBFSH KhCE OELPZDB. eEE OUEULPMSHLP YBZPCH Y FSHCH UBNPK ZHEE. UNHFOP CHYDEM, YuFP UYDEMY LBLYE-FP DBNSCH, UFPSMY LBLYE-FP ZEOETBMSHCH, OEULPMSHLP PZHYGETPCH DTHZYI RPMLPCH, DCHPE YMY FTPE OBUYI bilan; CHYDEM LTHZMSCHK YUBKOSHCHK UPPM, OE U UBNPCHBTPN, B U UETEVTSOPK URYTFPCHPK NBYOLPK, CHPLTHZ OEZP LBLYE-FP DECHYGSHCH Y MADI CH UFBFULPN.
iPSKLKH DPNB, ELBFETYOH UETZEECHOKH, S LBL-FP NEMSHLPN CHYDEM, OP LPOYUOP OE KHOBM Y VPDTSHN YBZPN OBRTBCHYMUS L RETCHPK DBNE, LPFPTBS NOE RPLBBNBBPSEMBUSH. th, LPOYUOP, OE RPRBM. yBTLOKHM OPTSLPK, YUNPLOKHM DBNH CH THYULH, B RPFPN, LBL RPMBZBMPUSH CH uPVTBOYY, UFBM PVIPDYFSH CHUEI ZPUFEK, U RTBCHPZP ZHMBOZB, RTYZPCHBTYPDRBTN: RTYZPCHBTYPDRBYRPN: BTPC... tHLY, LPOYUOP, OE RTPFSZYCHBM.
TsDBM, YuFPVSHCHNOE EE RPDBMY. lFP S FCHETDP OBBM EEE U DEFUFCHB. rPFPN CHSHCHYMP UBNPE ULCHETOPE. UEM S OB LBLPC-FP ITHRLYK 'PMPUEESHChK UFXM ' PDOB ' DECHIG RTYOEUMB NOYUBYLH YUBA (PFOADSH OE UFBLBO, OB UCHEFULYI RTYENBI UFBLBOPC OE DBCHyulYBYUBYB) fEEPTHLYOBUMBhbtee. h u reyueoshen. CHETSMYCHP RPVMBZPDBTYM Y CHJSM bilan. uytskh. h RTBChPK THLE X NEOS YUBYLB, B H MECHPK ZHHTBTsLB, RETYUBFLB Y FBTEMLB. pYUEOSH OEHDPVOP. YuFPVSH RPRTPVPCHBFSH REYOOSH, OHTsOP RPUFBCHYFSH HAQIDA RPM YUBYLKH, YuFP DEMBFSH OE RTYOSFP. YuFPVSH ZMPFOKHFSH YUBA, OHTsOP LBL-FP Y'VBCHYFSHUS PF ZHHTBTSLY, RETYUBFPL Y FBTEMLY. OP LHDB TSE YI DEFSH? nPTsOP VShchMP, LPOYUOP, RPMPTSYFSH ZHHTBTsLKH HAQIDA LPMEOY, CH OEE UKHOKHFSH RTBCHHA RETYUBFLH Y OBCHETI CHPDTHYYFSH FBTEMLKH. OP RTDPDEMBFSH LFP PDOPK MECHPK THLPK, 'BFSOXFPK X RETUBFLX, VE' DPMZPK RTEDCHBTYFEMSHOPK RTBLFLYY Y U OEURPLKOPK DKHYPK VSHMP 'DPTPCHP. s Y OE TEYBMUS Y FBL DPCHPMSHOP DPMZP U UBNSHCHN NTBYUOSCHN CHYDPN NI KETA ETAMIZ. oBLPOEG, PDOB PYUEOSH NPMPDEOSHLBS DECHYGB UTSBMYMBUSH OBDP NOK, PFPVTBMB X NEOS YUBYLH Y FBTEMLH Y KHCHEMB NEOS VUEEDPCHBFSH L PLOBN. rP DPTPZE S EEE KHUMSCHIBM, LBL PDOB, Y' DBN ULBUBMB DTHZPK, RPLBBSCHBS HAQIDA NEOS ZMBEBNY: “pauvre garcon”. ULBBMB FYIP, OP S TBUUMSHCHYBM. CHPRTPPUOIL HAQIDA VEUEDB OBYB X PLOB RPIPDIMB VPMSHYE.
CH DBCHOP CH RPMLH? rSFSH NEUSGECH. h LBLPK ChShch TPFE? tBOP RTYIPDIFUS CHUFBCHBFSH KhFTPN... chPF S VSH OE NPZMB FBL, J F. D.
yuete OEULPMSHLP NYOHF S CHPUUFBOPCHYM DKHYECHOPE TBCHOPCHUEYE OE RTPEBSUSH CHSHCHULPMSH'OKHM Y ZPUFYOPK. URBUYFEMSHOYGEK NPEK PLBBBBBUSH RMENSOYGB e.u., pMShZB ch., U LPFPTPK RPFPN NSCH UDEMBMYUSH VPMSHYYYNYY RTYSFEMSNY YUBUFP U OEK CHURPNYOBMY NPKSHKSHCHPHECHPHE"
hCE RPUME RETCHPK YINSHCH CH REFETVHTZE, S RPOSM LBLYE S CH FPF RBNSFOSHCHK DEOSH UPCETYM LTHROSCHE FBLFYUEULYE PYYVLY. chP-RETCHSCHI, CHIPDIFSH VSHUFTP NPTsOP CH LBJBTNKH, B CH ZPUFYOOKHA UMEDPPCHBMP CHIPDIFSH NEDMEOOP. fPTPRYFSHUS OELHDB. chPYED, TELPNEODPCHBMPUSH PUFBOPCHYFSHUS HAQIDA RPTPZE Y UPPVTBYFSH, FBL ULBUBFSH, RMBO LBNRBBOYY. y RETCHSHCHN DEMPN CHSHCHSUOYFSH, LFP IPSKLB y ZHEDE UNING NEUFPRPMPTSEOYE. l OEK OHTSOP VSHMP OBRTBCHYFSHUS Y RTYMPTSYFSHUS L THLE. 'DPTPChBFSHUSS RPMBZBMPUS FPMShLP UP 'OBLPNShNI, B OEBLPNShN DBNBN RPMXRPLMPO, B NHTSYUYOBN OYUEZP. "zPMPCHOPK KhVPT" NPTsOP VShchMP UCHPVPDOP RPMPTSYFSH TSDPN LPCHET HAQIDA. pF YUBYLY YUBS VMBZPTBHNOEE VSHMP CHETSMYCHP PFLBBFSHUS, B HC FBTEMLH U REYUEOSHEN, LPZDB EE OELKHDB RPUFBCHYFSH YOBYUE LBL RPM HAQIDA, RTYOINBFSH Y CHCHUEDP OME UME. y CHPPVEE FBLPK CHYYF MHYUYE VSCHMP RTDPDEMBFSH UFPS, RPPDKDS L LPNKH-OYVKhDSH Y' OBLPNSHCHI.
OP CHUSLPE OBOYE RTYPVTEFBEFUS PRSCHFPN, OE YULMAYUBS Y RPBOBOIK CH UCHEFULPN PVTBEEOYY.
eEE VPMEE STLYK UMKHYUBK YNEM NEUFP U PDOYN YJ PDOPRPMYUBO, OP HCE CH DPNE UPCHETYEOOP DTHZPZP FYRB. dPN LFPF VSHM VPMSHYPK, U NOPZPYUYUMEOOSCHNY DPYULBNY, RMENSOYGBNY Y RPDTHZBNY. h DPNE DETTSBMYUSH TKHUULYI PVSHCHUBECH, Y, RSFYUBUPCHPK YUBK RYMY CH VPMSHYPK UFPMPCHPK, 'B DMYOOSHN UFPMPN. UFPME YEUFOP HAQIDA UFPSMY CHUSLYE RYTPZYY FPTFSHYY NHTSYUOBN RPMBZBMYUSH UFBLBOSHCH. th ZPUFY RTSNP YMY CH UFPMPCHHA. rTYSFEMSH NPK SCHYMUS CH DPN CH RETCHSHCHK TBY YUKHCHUFCHPCHBM UEVS UNHEEOOOP. YUEUFSH YUEUFSH RETCHSHCHN DEMPN RPDPYEM LIP'SKLE, FHF CHUE VSHMP HAQIDA YUUFPPH. dBNB UB UBNPCHBTPN, POB Y EUFSH IP'SKLB, B RPFPN TEYM CHUEI PVPKFY Y CHUEN PFTELPNEODPCHBFSHUS. 'B UFPMPN UYDEMP YUEMPCHEL 25-chi PVIPD 'BOSM NYOHF DEUSFSH. Yuen DBMSHYE PO RPDCHYZBMUS, FEN OBRTSEOYE KHCHEMYUYCHBMPUSH. oELPFPTSCHE ZPUFY VSHMY 'BOSFSH TBZPCHPTPN Y OE CHYDEMY, YuFP LFP-FP UFPYF 'B UFKHMPN Y TsBTsDEF RTEDUFBCHYFSHUS... "DSDS lPMS!.. DSDS FTPPVCHPBA'S!.. DSDS FTPPVCHPBA'S..."
“b, UFP... BU YERDA? bI, DB, DB, PUEOSH RTYSFOP.”
lPZDB NPMPPDK YUEMPCHEL 'BLPOYUYM PVIPD, BY HCE DPYEM, YuFP OBSCHCHBEFUS, DP FPYULY, FEN VPMEE, YuFP ON EBNEFYM, YuFP HAQIDA DBMSHOEN LPOGE OEULPMSHVM OEULPMCHVCHLP M'LPOYUYM PVIPAD MHLMACHVMHBT MHLMBCHOBBN PRSHFUFCHPN. oBLPOEG, VEDOSZB RPMKHYUM YY THL IPSKLY UCHPK UFBLBO YUBS Y RPOEU EZP L UCHPENKH NEUFKH, OP... OE DPOEU. uFBLBO CHSHCHULPMSH'OKHM YI THL Y VTSLOXM HAQIDA RPM. oENEDMEOOOP TSE CHUMED 'B'FYN U DECHYUSHESP LPOGB TBBDBMUS CHATCHCH VEYEOPZP IPIPFB. NPMPDK YUEMPCHEL RPUFPSM OENOPZP, 'BFEN RPCHETOHMUS L DCHETY Y CHCHCHYEM... choy'kh Ch YCHEKGBTULPK OBDEM RBMSHFP Y KHEIBM DPNPK U FBLYN YUKHCHUFChPN, YuFEN RPCHETOHMUS L DCETY Y CHCHCHYEM.
TsYOSH, PDOBLP, UKhDIMB YOBYUE. po OE FPMSHLP OBYUBM YBUFP VSHCHBFSH CH LFPN DPNE, OP YuETE DCHB ZPDB TSEOMUS LBL TB HAQIDA FPK UBNPK DECHYGE, LPFPTBS VPMSHYE CHUEI OBD OIN Y'DECHBMBUSH.
pF BUFEOYUYCHPUFY S YJMEYUYMUS DPCHPMSHOP ULPTP. CHSHMEYUM NEOS FPTSE OBY PZHYGET, LBRYFBO r., YUEMPCHEL CHCHUE OE CHPEOOSHCHK, OP NHTSYUYOB OEZMHRSHCHK, OBVMADBFEMSHOSHCHK Y UBN CHEUSHNB "UCHEFULYK".
lBL-FP TBJ PO NOE ZPCHPTYF:
rPUMHYBK ATYK, FSH BUFEOYUCH?
iPUYYSH, O'ZBEK CHSHCHMEYUH BILAN?
fBL CHPF UMHYBK. BUFEOYUCHPUFSH X OPTNBMSHOPZP YUEMPCHELB RTPYUIPDYF ZMBCHOSCHN PVTBBPN PF Y'VSHCHFLB UBNPMAVIS. feve RPUFPSOOP LBTSEFUS, YuFP LKhDB VSH FSH OY RTYYEM, CHUE FPMSHLP FEN Y 'BOSFSH, YuFP OBVMADBAF, LBL FSH RPLMPOYMUS, LBL FSH RPCHETOHMUS Y YuFP FSH ULBUBM. chUSLHA NYOKHFKH FSH YUKHCHUFCHHEYSH, SFP FSH "GEOFT", GEOFT CHUEPVEEZP CHOYNBOYS...b LFP Y EUFSH UBNBS VPMSHYBS PYYVLB. lBL FPMSHLP FSH UEVE SUOP, LTERLP Y OCHUEZDB KHUCHPYYSH RTPUFHA YUFYOH, YUFP CHUE MADI ZMBCHOSCHN PVTBBPN UBOSFSH UCHPYNYY DEMBNYY OILPNH DP FEVS DEMBNYY OILPNH DP FEVS DEMBNYY OILPNH DP FEVS DEMBNYY F OEPMFYEPSHUELP, SCHUEZDB XUCHPYYSH RTPUFHA YUFYOH, YUFP CHUE MADI PUPOBEYSH, FSH URBUEO... CHUE RPKDEF LBL RP NBUMH , RTPRBDEF UCHSBOOPUFSH Y OBRTSSEOOPUFSH Y FSH OE FPMSHLP RETEUFBOEYSH UFTBDBFSH, OP OBUOEYSH OBIPDIFSH KHDPCHPMSHUFCHYE CH PVEEUFCHE MADEK DBCE NBMP OBLPNSCHI.
UPCHEF VShchM NKhDTSCHK Y RPNPZ NOE YUTECHSHCHYUBKOP. NEOSHYE YUEN YUETEZ ZPD S VShchM CHETOPN RKHFY L CHSHCHJDPTPCHMEOYA HAQIDA.
OP NPK UMHYUBK VShchM RTPUFPK. bilan VSHM AOPYB CHPTPUYYK CH RTPCHYOGYYY DMS LPFPTPZP DP REFETVHTZB, UBNSCHK "CHEMILPUCHEFULIK" DPN, ZDE ON VSHCHBM, VSHM DPN OBEZP STPUMBCHULPZP ZHVETOBFSHULBF, ZHVETOBFSHULBF, USHNB RP UENEKOPNKH. RPNOA UMHYUBY NOPZP UMPTSOEEE bilan. rPNOA, OBRTYNET, PDOPZP GBTULPZP ZHMIZEMSH-BDYAAFBOFB, OPUYFEMS PDOPK YI UBNSHCHI Y'CHEUFOSHI TKHUULYI YUFPTYYUEULYI ZHBNYMYK, ULBTSEN FPYUOOTYREYB dan ZHMIZEMSH-BDYAAFBOFB. tPDYMUS CH REFETVHTZE Y CHPURYFSHCHBMUS CH rBTSEULPN LPTRKHUE. yuEMPCHEL, LPFPTPPNH VSHMP IPTPYP UB 30. b S UCHPYNY ZMBBNY CHYDEM LBL, TBZPCHBTYCHBS U NBMPOBLPNSCHNY DBNBNY, RHOGPChP LTBUOEM, LBL 15-MEFOIK NBMSHUYLIK.
rTYCHEDH RTYNET EEE VPMEE TBYFEMSHOSHCHK. h 1906 ZPDH, CH YAOE, CHUSH OBU RPML VSHM RTYZMBYEO CH REFETZPZH L GBTA "bog 'ziyofati" HAQIDA. rTYEN DPMTSEO, VSHM RTPYPKFY HAQIDA GBTULPK DBYUE, CH BMELUBODTYY, CH DYCHOPN RBTLE U ZTPNBDOSHNY UFBTSHCHNY, BOLALAR Y KHDYCHYFEMSHOPK LTBUPFSCH MTsMEKOSHNIB. OBLBOKHOE NSCH RTYEIBMY YI lTBUOPZP UEMB RPEJDPN Y RETEOPYUECHBMY CH HMBOULYI LBBBTNBI. b UMEDHAEIK DEOSH, YUBUB CH YUEFSHTE, CHUEN RPMLPN UFTPEN RPIMY CH bMELUBODTYA, U IPTPN NKHSHCHLY PE ZMBCHE HAQIDA. yDFY VSHMP, RPNOYFUS, OE PUEOSH DBMELP. RETED CHPTPFBNY RBTLB PUFBOPCHYMYUSH, EEE TB RPYUYUFYMYUSH Y UNBIOHMY RSCHMSH U UBRPZ. CHUE VSHCHMY CH VEMPN, PJYGETSCH CH VEMSHI LIFEMSI, UPMDBFSCH CH VEMSHI THVBYLBI, TH CHUE VEJ PTTHTSYS, OH YBYEL, OH CHYOFPCHPL, OH FEUBLLPCH. rPZPDB VSHMB FBLBS, LBLBS FPMSHLP KHNEEF VSHCHBFSH CH REFETVHTZE CH SUOSCHE, UPMOEYUOSCHE, OE TsBTLYE, U CHEFETLPN, DOY. RTIDS CH RPMPTSEOOPE NEUFP, NSCH PUFBOPCHIMYUSH Y CHSCHFSOKHMYUSH CH DCHE YTEOOZY, RP-TPFOP, PZHYGETSCH UCHPYI NEUFBI HAQIDA. BIZ GBTS NI TEKSHIRAMIZ. FPCE VSHM CH VEMPN LYFEME Y VE' PTHTSYS, CH OBYEK ZHTNE ga ko'ra; ZHPTNKH VSHMP CHYDOP FPMSHLP RP UYOENKH PLPMSCHYKH VEMPK MEFOEK ZHHTBTSLY. PVPYEM TSDSCH Y RPJDPTPCHBMUS tomonidan. rPFPN ULPNBODPCBMY “tBPKFYUSH!” Y NSH TBDEMYMYUSH. yuYoshch Rpymy DBMSHYE, ZDE YN VSCHMY RTYZPFPCHMEOSCH UFPMSCH U KHZPEEOSHEN, YUBK, UMBDLYE VKHMLY, VHFETVTPDSH Y LPOZHEFSHCH. FHDB TSE RPIYEM Y GBTSH U LPNBODITPN RPMLB, PVIPDYFSH UFPMSCH.
b NSCH, PZHYGETSCH, PFRTBCHYMYUSH CH DTHZHA UFPTPOH, ZDE RPD DETECHSHSNY UFPSM PZTPNOSHCHK LTHZMSCHK YUBKOSCHK UFPM, RPLTSCHFSHCHK DP ENMY VEMPOOETSOPTSCHEVKB, UFRTBCHYMYUSH CH DTHZHA UFPTPOH, UBYL, REYUEOSHSH CHUSLBS WOEDSH. UFPMPN HAQIDA UYDEMB GBTYGB CH VEMPN LTHTSECHOPN RMBFSHE Y RTYOINBMB "ZPUFEK"... fHF CE VESBMY GBTULYE DPULY, UFBTYEK VSHMP 10 MEF. dCHHIMEFOIK OBUMEDOIL, LPFPTSCHK YI-YB VPMEYOY OE neftni qayta ishlash zavodi IPdyfsh, keling, THLBI X DSDSHLY, NBFTPUB DETECHEOSHLP haqida ketaylik. rPFPN EZP RETEDBMY HAQIDA THLY UFBTYENKH OBYENKH ZHEMSHJEVEMA t.m.YuFEGPCHH. rTDCHPTOSCHI RPYUFY OILZP OE VSHMP. DETSKHTOSHCHN ZHMYZEMSH-BDYAAFBOFPN VSHHM LFPF HAQIDA DEOSH NIMA HAQIDA. LO. vPTYU chBDYNYTPCHYU, LPFPTSCHK ZBLFYUEULY KH OBU OE UMKHTSYM, OP YUYUMYMUS CH URYULBI RPMLB, YUBUFP OPUYM OBUKH ZHTNKH Y UYUYFBMUS LBL VSCYGETPNPZ. x CHUEI X OBU OBUFTPEOYE VSHMP TBDPUFOPPE Y CHUEMPE. gBTSH VSHM FBLCE CHUEEM Y, LBL CHUEZDB, CH PVTBEEOYY PYUEOSH RTPUF. khnoschi NYUFTPCH ON VPSMUS, RETED UFBTYYNYY ZEOETBMBNY TPVEM, OP FHF, CH OBLPNPK UTEDE UPMDBF Y PZHYGETPCH ON YUKHCHUFCHPCHBM UEVS FEN UBNSHN RPMLPCFCHPCHBM UEVS FEN UBNSHN RPMLPCFBTSHOTPNBPOBTSHNBPOBTSHNBPBPOPTCHOILPYP, RPMLB, LBLYN PO LPZDB-FP VShchM, DB FBL CHUA TSYOSH Y PUFBMUS HAQIDA.
gBTULYE DECHPULY PUEOSH CHUEMYMYUSH. at ZTPNLYNY LTYLBNY OPUYMYUSH RP MHZKH Y, YZTBMY U NMPPDSHNY PJYGETBNY CH RSFOBILY Y CH ZPTEMLY. GBTYGB YURPMOSMB PVSBOOPUFY IPSKLY. oBMYCHBMB YUBK Y LBTSDPNKH MYUOP RETEDDBCHBMB YUBYLH. oBULPMSHLP NPTsOP VSHMP UKhDYY, OE LPTPFEOSHLYN ZHTB'BN P DEFSI, P RPZPDE, YMY P YUBE, UMBDLYK, LTERLYK, U MYNPOPN YMY U NPMPPLPN, ZPCHPTYMB POB RP-TPMPPLPN, ZPCHPTYMB POB RP-TPMPPLPN, UDPCHPSHOPSHPYU UTP-TPCHPVSCHUPP, UDP-TPCHPVSCHUPP N BOZMYKULIN BLGEOFPN. OP UChPA IP'SKULHA DPMTSOPUFSH POB YURPMOSMB U FBLYN SCHOSCHN UFTBDBOYEN, YuFP HAQIDA OEE TsBMLP VSCHMP UNPFTEFSH. h FP CHTENS POB VSHMB HCE NBFSH RSFY DEFEC Y OPUYMB'ChBOYE CHUETPUUYKULPK YNRETBFTYGSH PDYOOBDGBFSHCHK ZPD. lBBBMPUSH VSH, LBLPE UNHEEOOYE Y OEMPCHLPUFSH NPZMB POB YURSHCHFSHCHBFSH CH PVEEUFCHE LBLYI-FP OEBBLPNSHCHI 40 PJYGETPCH, LPFPTSHCHE ULPTEE UBNY UFEUOSMUCHUTYHYHY. y FEN OE NEOEE NEOS RPTBYMP, YuFP LPZDB POB 'BDBCHBMB UCHPY, OEIIFTSHCHE CHPRPTUSCH, MYGP KH OEE YMP LTBUOSCHNY RSFOBNY. bFP VSHMP SUOP 'BNEFOP, FBL LBL CH FE CHTENEOB RTYMYYUOSCH TSEOOEYOSCH EEL UEVE EEE OE LTBUYMY. b LPZDB POB RTPFSZYCHBMB YUBYLKH, THLB X OEE LTHROP DTPsBMB. OP FHF, LPOYUOP, VSHMB OE PDOB FPMSHLP 'BUFEOYUCHPUFSH. hCE CH FE CHTENEOB, OBYB RETCHBS RPMLPCHBS DBNB, UHRTKHZB YEZHB, VSHMB VPMSHOBS Y ZMKHVPLP OEYUBUFOBS TsEOEYOB.
* * *
h RETCHSCHK ZPD UMKHTSVSH U KHOBCHBOYEN UCHPYI DBN HAQIDA KHMYGE Y CH RHVMYUOSHI NEUFBI YUBUFP CHSHCHIPDYMP OE CHUE ZMBDLP.
OBRTYNET, UYDYSH CH FEBFTE. h BOFTBLFE CHYDYYSH UCHPEZP PZHYGETB U DBNPC. FERETSH, LFP LFB DBNB? eUMY TSEOB, FP RPMBZBEFUS RPDIDYFSH. eUMY LFP TPDUFCHEOOYGB, UEUFTB, UEUFTB TSEOSCH Y F. R., FP NPTsOP Y RPDKFY Y OE RPDKFY. eUMY LFP RTPUFP'OBLPNBS, FP RPDIDYFSH OE OKTsOP. pDOPZP 20-NYOKHFOPZP CHYYFB CH ZPD CHUE-FBLY NBMP, YuFPVSH 'BRPNOYFSH 15 OPCHSHCHI TSEOULYI MYG, LPFPTSCHE CHDPVBCHPL YNEAF UChPKUFChP TBDYLBMTSPSHDPYPYYLBMFMSOPKYPYYLBMFMSKK OPCHSHCHN RMBFSHEN.
rP CHFPTPNKH ZPDH CHUE DBNSHCH HCE CHSHCHHYYCHBMYUSH FCHETDP.
chPF UPVUFCHOOOP Y CHUE UPGYBMSHOSCH PVSBOOPUFY IMPPUFSHCHI RP PFOPEYOYA L TSEOBN YI FPCHBTYEEK.
OILBLYI PVSBFEMSHOSCHI RPJTDTBCHMEOYK, U OPCHSHCHN ZPDPN, U rBUIPK, U YNEOOBNY, TPTsDEOOSNY, OE UKHEEUFCHPCHBMP. VSHMP DCHB, FTY TSEOBFSHI TPFOSCHI LPNBODITB, LPFPTSHCHE 'BRTPPUFP RTYOINBMY Y LPTNYMY ZMBCHOSCHN PVTBBPN UCHPYI NMBDYI PZHYGETPCH, OP Y FPMSHLP.
OILBLYI CHEWETPCH, VBMPCH, URELFBLMEK Y F. D. CH UPVTBOSHY OE KHUFTBYCHBMPUSH Y DBNBN CIPD FHDB VSHM 'BLBBBO. DEMBMPUSH YULMAYUEOYE FPMSHLP TBJ CH ZPD. FTEFYK DEOSH TPTsDEUFCHB CH YLPME UPMDBFULYI DEFEC VSHMB EMLB HAQIDA. FHDB RTYZMBYBMYUSH CHUE PJYGETSCH U TSEOBNY. rPUME EMLY, YUBUPCH CH 11, YMY KHTSYOBFSH CH uPVTBOYE. dBNSH SCHMSMYUSH DBMELP OE CHUE, B ZMBCHOSCHN PVTBBPN NPMPDSHCHE, MAVSEYE RPCHUEMYFSHUS. YuFPVSHCH OE UFEUOSFSH CHEUEMSHS, OH LPNBODYT RPMLB, OH EZP TSEOB OE RPSCHMSMYUSH. LFPF CHYUET VPMSHYKHA UFPMPCHHA KHVYTBMY RPD "TEUFPTBO" HAQIDA. CHSCHOPUYMY VPMSHYPK UFPM Y UFBCHYMY NBMEOSHLYE UFPMYLY B HAQIDA OYI MBNRPULY U GCHEFOSCHNY BVBTCHTBNY. rP FTBDYGYY DBN RTYZMBYBMY OE NHTSSHS, B IPMPUFSHCHE. hTSYOBMY RP RSFSH, RP YEUFSH YUEMPCHEL, RTYUEN NHTSEK XUBTSYCHBMY 'B DTHZIE UFPMSCH. OB, LBTSDSCHK UFPM RTYIPDYMPUSH RP PDOPK, RP DCH DBNSCH Y UFPMSCH UPUFBCHMSMYUSH UBTBOEEE, U FBLYN TBUYUEFPN, YUFPVSH CHUE VSHCHMY DTKHZ DTHZKH RTYSTFOSCH. yZTBM OBU NBMEOSHLYK UFTHOOSCHK PTLEUFT, FBL OBSCHCHBENSCHK "VBMSHOSCHK", B LPZDB EZP YUBUB CH DCHB OPYU PFRKHULBMY, LFP-OYVHDSH YJ PZHYGETPCH UBYTPUSUSH Y'BOBMUSHB. pVSHHLOPCHOOOP YZTBM KHOZETO-YFETOVETZ, LPFPTSCHK KHNEM YZTBFSH FPMSHLP FBOGSHCH, OP UBFP CHPURTPIYCHPDYM YI U PUPVEOOSHCHN YUYUFP FBIETULYN ZTPNPN Y V. zhPLUFTTPFPCH Y YINNY FPZDB EEE OE OBMY, B FBOGECHBMY CHBMSHUSCH Y LBDTYMY.
RPNOA PDYO FBLPK PUPVEOOOP KHDBCHYYKUS CHEWET bilan. RYMY OPTNBMSHOP, OP CHUEMSHE YUBUFP RTYIPDIF OE PF RYFSHS, B LBL-FP UBNP UPVPK. h LFPF Cheyuet OELPFPTSCHE YI OBU RPVETSBMY CH RPMLLPCHPK NHJEK, CHShCHFBAYMY UFBTSHCHE ZHTNSCH Y PVMELMYUSH CHOYI, YFP NETSDH RTPYYN UFTPZP RTPYYYN UFTPZP RBRTEEBMFPUSHV KBRTEEBMFPUSHV, 'BRTEEBMFDPYPHV, CHShCHFBAYMY UFBTSHCHE ZHTNSCH CHPMSHUFCHYA. rKHUFYMYUSH RMSUBFSH PJYGETSCH OYLPZDB OE FBOGECHBCHYE, Y OEKHNECHYE FBOGECHBFSH, YuFP VSCHMP PUPVEOOOP UNEYOP. uFBMY CHPDYFSH ZPMPCHPLTHTSYFEMSHOS LBDTYMY, U VEEYOSCHNY ZBMPRBNY. lBLBS-FP RBTB RPLBFYMBUSH RPM HAQIDA, RP UYUBUFSHA PLBBBMYUSH TsEOB U NHTSEN. pDOYN UMPCHPN, CHUEMSHE VSHMP VEKHDETTSOPE Y VKHKOPE... eEE OENOPTSLP Y VSHMP VSH OEIPTPYP. UMEDHAEIK DEOSH PDYO YI OBUYI PUFTSLPC haqida, v. u. rTPOIO, PUFTSL OECHPYNHFYNP URPLPKOSHCHK, LPFPTSCHK TPOSM UCHPY UMPCHYULY KHZPMLPN TFB, YuFP EEE VPMSHYE KHYMYCHBMP CHREYUBFMEOYE, LPZDB EZPOTBUSCHPUBLYE, LPZDB EZPOTBUSCHPUNKY URTBCHYU. ET, OE CHSCHOINBS CHYUOPK UYZBTSHCH, RTPGEDYM: “vShchMP PYUEOSH NYMP, OENOPTSLP YUPRPTOP.”
fBLPZP TPDB CHUEMSHE KHDBCHBMPUSH, LPOYUOP, OE LBTSDSCHK TB, OP CHUEMP Y RTYSFOP VSHCHBMP CHUEZDB. ZMBCHOSCHN PVTBBPN RPFPNKH, YuFP LFP VShchM EDYOUFCHEOOSCHK UMKHYUBK RPRBUFSH CH 'YNOEE UPVTBOYE, NPMPDSH DBNSHCH HFY HTSYOSCH PUEOSH MAVYMY Y L'CHYPMZPF ShYPYPMZPF.
h MBZETOPE uPVTBOIE RPRBUFSH VSHMP MEZUE. fBN HAQIDA CHFPTPN LFBTSE VSHMP DCH LPNOBFSCH, KHUFTPEOOOSCH HAQIDA RPDPVYE TEUFPTBOOSCHI LBVYOEFPCH. FHDB PJYGETSCH NPZMY RTYZMBYBFSH UCHPY UENSHY, YMY RTPUFP OBLPNSCHI. fFYN RPMSH'PCHBMYUSH ZMBCHOSCHN PVTB'PN FPZDB, LPZDB PZHYGET UBN OE neftni qayta ishlash zavodi HEIBFSH Y' MBZETS. rP RTBDOILBN, Y'CHEUFOPE YYUMP RP OBTSDKH OE YNEMP RTBCHB PFMKHYUBFSHUS Y' MBZETOPZP TBURPMPTSEOYS. OOP OY CHOYTSOIK VPMSHYPK OBM OY O OYTSOAA FETBUUKH, OY CH UBD, DBVSCHOE UFEUOSFSH UCHPVPDH IMPPUFSHCHYI GBTUFCHE, DBNULYK BMENEOF Oye DPRKHULBMUS. rTYOINBFSH DBN CH MBZETSI X EUVS CH VBTBLBI PZHYGETBN FPTSE OE TELPNEODPCHBMPUSH. edYOUFCHOOPE YULMAYUEOYE VSHM LPNBODYTULYK VBTBL, ZDE VSHMP OEULPMSHLP LPNOBF. OP S PRSFSH-FBLY OE RPNOA, YUFPVSH TSEOSCH LPNBODYTPCH RTYETSBMY FHDB VPMSHYE YUEN HAQIDA OEULPMSHLP YUBUPCH, YULMAYUYFEMSHOP RP RTBDOILBN.
CHUE FY NHDTSHCHE RTBCHYMB, PFUKHFUFCHYE PVSBFEMSHOPZP PVEEOYS, PVSBFEMSHOSCHI UENEKOSCHI KHCHUEMEOYK Y TBCHOYFEMSHOP PYUEOSH 'BNLOKHFBS TSYOSH PZTPSHPSHYOSH 'BNLOKHFBS TSYOSH PZTPSHPYZPYYPYYE PVSBFEMSHOPZP PVEEOYS. EMBMY FP, YuFP UB CHUE CHTENS NPEK VMYLPK UCHSY U RPMLPN (U 1904 RP 1917), S OE RPNOA KH OBU OY PDOPC DKHMY, OH PDOPZP TBCHPDB Y CHPPVEE OH PDOPK TPNBOYUEULPK YUFPTYY. OE CHUE RPMLY REFETVHTZULPZP ZBTOY'POB NPZMY LFYN RPICHBUFBFSHUS. h LBYUEUFCHE LPTRPTBGYY, TSEOSCH PZHYGETPCH CHSHCHUFKHRBMY FPMSHLP PDYO TBJ CH ZPDH. lPZDB RPML URTBCHMSM RPMLPCHPK RTBDOIL CH gBTULPN UEME, DBNSH FKHDB OE EDYMY. OP EUMY FPTCEUFChP RTPYUIPDYMP CH REFETVHTZE, CH NYIBKMPCHULPN NBOETSE, Y HAQIDA NPMEMEVOE Y RBTBDE CHNEUFE U ZPUKHDBTEN RTYUHFUFCHBMB Y ZPUKHDBTSHCHOSY, FPUBYBMBECHMCHY, FPUBYBBECHMTY. NPMEVOE POY HAQIDA UFBOPCHYMYUSH CHNEUFE U OEK, OEULPMSHLP RPBBDY. ZhPTNB PDETSDSCH YN VSHMB: VEMBS YMSRB, VEMSHK UHLPOOSCHK YMY YETUFSOPK LPUFAN “tailleur”, VEMSH RETYUBFLY Y HAQIDA YEE NEY. FE, LFP YNEM YYZHTSCH, ZHTEKMYOULYE YMY YOUFYFHFULYE, YMY NEDBMY, DPMTSOSCH VSHCHMY YI OBDECHBFSH. RETED NPMEVOPN TSEOB LPNBODYTB RPDOPUYMB GBTYGE VPMSHYPK VHLEF VEMSHI TP, U YYTPLYNY UYOYNY, RPMLPCHPZP GCHEFB, MEOFBNY.
VSHMP EEE DHB UMKHYUBS, LPZDB DBNSCH NPZMY RTYOINBFSH KHYUBUFYE CH PJYGYBMSHOPK RPMLPCHPK TSYYOY, OP LFP KhCE RP TsEMBOYA. sing NPZMY RTYIPDYFSH OB CHUEOPEOKHA CH UPVPT OBLBOKHOYE CHCHEDOSHS Y UFBOPCHYFSHUS CH PZHYGETULHA 'BZPTPDLH, B MEFPN, CH LPOGE MBZETS, RTYETSBFSH AMBZETS, RTYETSBFSH ATBOPEOKHA CHNO'MPUEB". fBL LBL Y UBTS Y GETENOPOIS RTPYUIPDYMY CH TBURPMPTSEOY OBEZP-CE RPMLB, SING YNEMY CHNPTSOPUFSH RTYSFOP LPOYUYFSH CHEWET, RPHTSYOBCH U NHTSSHSNY YI YI RTYUIPDYMY u ATBBOHTSFEMSSE.
* * *
OP xususiy korxonasi OBUFBM RTYUOPRBNSFOSHCHK BCHZKHUF RTYUOPRBNSFOPZP 1914 ZPDB. rPML KHYEM HAQIDA FEBFT CHPEOOSCHI DEKUFCHYK, RPMLPCHSHCHE DBNSH PUFBMYUSH CH REFETVHTZE. ULPMSHLP FSCHUSYU MEF CHPAAF MADI Y ULPMSHLP FSCHUSYU MEF VMYLYE CHPYOBN TSEOOEYOSCH DKHNBAF Y YUKHCHUFCHHAF PDOP Y FP TSE. chPECHBFSH OEMEZLP, OP YNEFSH VMYLLPZP YuEMPCHELB CH RPUFPSOOPK PRBUOPUFY, BUSHRBFSH Y RPTPUSHRBFSHUS U NSHUMSHA ZDE PO, YuFP U OYN, CHPF BY UEKFYUBFHK, METSIF HAQIDA YYUFELBEF LTPCHSHA, B S bFPZP OE OBA Y OE NPZH ENKH RPNPYUSH ... bFP, RPTSBMHK, EEE FSTSEMEE YUEN CHPECHBFSH... y'DBMY CHUEZDB CHUE LBCEPHUS UFTBYOOEE.
y CH FY DOY CH REFETVHTZE UMKHYUMPUSH FP, YuFP VSHMP RPOSPHOP y EUFEUFCHEOOP. TsEO PZHYGETPCH, RTETSDE EDCHB OBLPNSCHI DTKHZ DTHZKH, UPEDYOMP Y UTPDOYMP YUKHCHUFChP PVEEK FTECHPZY RETED MYGPN PVEEZP YURSHCHFBOYS.
eEE PE CHTENS NPVYMYBGYY PDOY 'CHPOYMYY RP FEMAZHPOKH DTHZYN:
NHC VETEF U UPVPA FETNPU qayerda? b SRPOULHA ZTEMLH? b LBLPE VEMSHE? hShch OBEFFE, YEMLPCHPE MHYUYE CHUEZP; ZPCHPTSF RPMOBS ZBTBOFYS PF OBUELPNSHCHI.
LUFBFY ULBJBFSH, LBL NOPZP CHUSLIYI CHEEK, UPVTBOOSCHU FBLPK MAVPCHSHA Y FTPZBFEMSHOPK 'BVPFPK, RTYYMPUSH HAQIDA ChPKOE CHSHLYOKHFSH 'B RPMOUPEUREKHFSH 'B RPMOUPEUREKHFYEK...' DBTLPCH Y CHUSLPK MBULI RPMKHYUMY PF NMPDSCHI "VBTSCHOSH" CHETOSCHE, OP RMHFPCHBFSHCHE DEOOEYLY, YUFPVSH POY FPMSHLP RPMHYUYE UNPFTEMY 'B "RPTHYUILPN" YMY "LBRYFBOPN".
b LPZDB RPML KHYEM, FP UFBMY EDYFSH Y 'CHPOYFSH CH LPNBODITULYK DPN, LHDB TBOSHIE NPTEBUSH EDYMY TBJ CH ZPD. y UBN UPVPA PVTBIPCHBMUS "UENEOPCHULYK DBNULYK LPNYFEF", B TsEOB RPCHEDYEZP RPML LPNBODYTB, nBTYS chMBDYNYTPCHOB yFFET, PLBBBMBUSH EZP RTEDUEDBFEMSHOYGEKK, YZP RTEDUEDBFEMSHOYGEKK.
UENEOPCHULIK ZHPTNKHMST X n. qismi VSHM UBNSCHK VMEUFSEYK. eE PFEG, ZTBZh ch.r. lMEKONYIEMSH, VSHM LPZDB-FP OBYN LPNBODITPN Y POB CH RPMLH TPDYMBUSH. b RPFPN, ChShchKDS UBNTS UB y. u. FFETB, LPZDB ON VSHHM EEE CH NPMPDSHYUYOBI, RTPYMB U OIN, FBL ULBBBFSH, CHUE DPMTSOPUFY PF NMBDYEZP PZHYGETB Y DP LPNBODITB. OILBLYI UREGYZHYUEULYYUETF "NBFETY-LPNBODYTY" H OEE OE VSHMP. h NYTOPE CHTENS POB TSIMB 'BNLOKHFP Y 'BVPFYMBUSH P NHTSE Y PUSCHOE, 15-MEFOEN MYGEYUFYLE. OP U KHIPDPN RPMLB CHPKOX HAQIDA, UNSHS no. Qism ChShTPUMB UTBKH DP YuEFSHTEI FSHUSYU.
rP TPTsDEOYA Y: RP NHTSKH POB RTYOBDMETSBMB L UBNPNH VPMSHYPNH refetvkhtzulpnkh Uchefkh, OP VPMSHYEK "DENPLTBFYY" FTHDOP VSCHMP UEVE RTEDUFBCHYFSH. UCHPE UPVUFCHOOPE "S" DMS OEE CHPPVEE OE UHEEUFCHPCHBMP. TBUUETDYFSH UNING VSHMP NPTsOP, OP PVIDEFSH OENSHUMYNP. at TSEOBNY ZHEMSHDZHEVEMEK J at CHEMILYNY LOZZYOSNY POB ZPCHPTYMB CH UPCHETYOOOP PDYOBLPCHSHI FPOBI. KHMYGE HAQIDA O'Z NPTsOP VSCHMP RTYOSFSH 'B ZHCHETOBOFLH Y' VEDOPZP DPNB YMY 'B VEZBAEKHA RP KHTPLBN HYUFEMSHOYGH NHSHHLY, OP OILPYN PVTBBPN OE YUBENSHPYN PVTBBPN OE A'UBBOBPDE. LBCEPHUS CHUA CHPKOKH POB RTPIPDIMB CH PDOPN EDYOUFCHEOOPN YuETOPN RMBFSHE, U AVLPK CHUEZDB YUHFSH-YUHFSH HAQIDA VPLH.
pF NHTSB, U LPFPTSCHN KH OEE VSHMP KHUFBOPCHMEOP RPDPVIE FEMEZTBZHOPZP L RYUSHNEOOOPZP “LPDB”, n. qismi CHUEZDB YNEMB UBNSCH VSCHUFTSHCHE UBNSCH CHETOSCHE UCHEDEOYS P FPN, BU YERDA RPML: CH RPIPDE, CH TEETCHE, PFDSHCHIE HAQIDA CH VPA YMY. th rposfop, Yuft
rP TPLPCHPK PYYVLE, DPRHEEOOOPK OBYN OBYUBMSHUFCHPN, OBY RPML LBL Y CHUE RPMLY TKHUULPK BTNYY, CHCHCHYEM HAQIDA CHPKOKH H RETERPMOOOPN UPUFBCHE. h TPFBI VSHMP RP YuEFSHTE PZHYGETB, ZHEMSHJEVEMS UFPSMY HAQIDA CHJCHPDBI, UFBTYE HOFET-PZHYGETSHCH UFTPA 'B TSDPCHSCHI. pYYVLB, 'B LPFPTHA OBN RTYYMPUSH DPTPZP'BRMBFYFSH, LPZDB CH RETCHSHCHE CE NEUSGSH CHPKOSH RPMPCHYOB LPNBODOPZP UPUFBCHB PLBBBMBUSH CHSHCHVYFPK.
vMBZPDBTS OERPNETOPNH LPMYUEUFCHH XYEDYYI PJYGETPCH, UTBH TSE RP UCHPEN CHP'OILOPCHEOYY, DBNULYK LPNYFEF OEPVSHCHYUBKOP TBTPUUS. lTPNE TsEO, EUFEUFCHEOOSCHN RKhFEN FKhDB ChPYMY, NBFETY, UEUFTSCH, FEFLY, OECHEUFSHCH. u LBTSDSCHN OPCHSHCHN RPUFHRMEOYEN PJYGETPCH, RPRPMOSMUS Y LPNYFEF, LPFPTSCHK UTBH TSE RPCHEM DEMP OOETZYUOP Y KHNEMP. lPOYUOP, OILBLYI VMBZPFCHPTYFEMSHOSHHI YUBECH YMY VTYDTSEK OE KHUFTBYCHBMY, B RETCHSHCHN DEMPN PVMPTSYMY CHOPUBNY UBNYI UEVS, B DMS LFPPZP UPLTBFYTBUIPSHY. FE, LFP DETSBMY MPYBDEK, UFBMY EDYFSH YICHPYULBI HAQIDA Y FTBNCHBE HAQIDA. rTELTBFYMY RTYENSHCH, PFRKHUFYMY MYYOOAA RTYUMKHZKH, EUMY LFB RTYUMKHZB UBNB OE OHTSDBMBUSH CH RPNPEY. NPMPDSHCH LTBUYCHSCH TSEOOEYOSCH RETEUFBMY EDYFSH CH TEUFPTBOSCH Y CHNEUFP 10 OPCHSHHI RMBFSHECH CH ZPD OPUYMY Y RETEDEMSHCHBMY UFBTSHCHE. UOBYUBMB CHSMYUSH UB UENSHY XYEDYI U RPMLPN RPDRTBRPTEYLPCH Y ZHEMSHDZHEVEMEK. CHUEN YN RPMBZBMUS "RBEL", OP VSHM ON UPCHETYOOP OYEEOULYK. 'BFEN RP CHPNPTSOPUFY CHSHCHSUOSMY BDTEUB CH REFETVHTZE Y PLTEUFOPUFSI UENEKUFCH 'BRBUOSHI UPMDBF, XYEDYI U RPMLPN. yI VSHMP OE NOPZP, OP FBLYE VSHMY. th OHTsOP PFDBFSH RPMOHA URTBCHEDMYCHPUFSH TSEOOEYOBN LFPPZP RPLPMEOYS. CHUS LFB RPNPESH CHPCHUE OE OPUYMB IBTBLFET "VMBZPFChPTTYFEMSHOPUFY". UYUYFBMPUSH Y ZPCHPTYMPUSH FBL OBUY NHTSSHS Y USCHOPCHSHS UEKYUBU TSDPN, VPL P VPL, DETHFUS Y UFTBDBAF, RPNPZBAF Y CHSHCHTHYUBAF DTHZ DTHZB. fBLCE Y NSCH, TSEOOESCH, DPMTSOSCH Y PVSBOSH DTKhZ DTHZKH RPNPZBFS.
y VSHCHMY YUMEOSH dBNULPZP LPNYFEFB, LPFPTSCHE VEYYKHNB y PZMBULY VTBMY HAQIDA UCHPE RPREYOOYE RP 5, RP 10 UENEK 'BRBUOSCHI.
pDOYN YI CHYDPCH RPNPEY VSHMP YYFSHEE VEMSHS, Y' ZPFPCHPZP NBFETYBMB, RP UREGYBMSHOPK TBUGEOLE, CH OBCHYUYNPUFY PF RPPTSEOYS Y ChPNPTSOPUFEK LBCDPC UENSHYPC.
dTHZPE DEMP LPNYFEFB VSHMB 'BVPFB P OBUYI TBOESCHI, UPMDBFBI LPOYUOP, PV PZHYGETBI Y FBL VSHMP LPNH RPBBVPFYFSHUS. DMS LFPZP UPVYTBMY URTBCHLY RP ZPURYFBMSN, OBCHEBMY Y VBMPCHBMY UCHPYI.
oBLPOEG, UPVYTBMY Y PFRTBCHMSMY CH RPML RPUSCHMLY, PRSFSH-FBLY DMS UPMDBF TSE, U VEMSHEN, FBVBLPN, YUBEN, UBIBTPN, UMBDPUFSNY Y F. D. rPUSHMLY F.D. BLCE YUETE lPNYFEF.
h LPOGE BCHZKHUFB 14 ZPDB OBYUBMYUSH RPFETY. uOBYUBMB RTYCHY PDOPZP HVYFPZP, RFPPN DCHHI, RFPPN RSFSH Y RPOENOPTSLH GENEOPOSCHNY ZTPVBNY EBRPMOSMBUSH CHUS OITSOSS GETLPCHSH RPMLPCHPZP uPVPTB.
CHUEI RTYCHEOOOSCHI XVYFSHCHI n. qism CHUEZDB CHUFTEYUBMB RMBFZhPTNE UBNB HAQIDA. th DEMBMB POB EEE" VPMSHYE. lPZDB PF NHTSB HAQIDA YNS RTYIPDYMY FEMEZTBNNSH P RPFETSI, POB VTBMB LFY FEMEZTBNNSH Y PFRTBCHMSMBUSH UPPVEBFSH UFTBIOSCH OPCHPUFY NBFETSN Y TSEOBN. dTHZBS VSH ULBUBMB RP FEMEZHPOKH, LTHTSOSCHN RHFEN LPNKH-OYVKHSH Y' OE PYUEOSH VMYOLYI, YUFPVSH RPFYIPOSHLH, PUFPPTTSOP RPDZPFPCHYMY. OP POB UYFBMB LFP UCHPYN UCHSEOOOSCHN DPMZPN Y CHUE KHDBTSH OPOPUYMB UBNPMYUOP.
FERETSH DKHNBEFUS, YuFP NPTSEF VShchFSH OE UMEDPCBMP RTYCHPYFSH FEMB KHVYFSHCHI PJYGETPCH CH REFETVHTZ. rPTsBMHK LTBUYCHE VSHMP VSH IPPTPOYFSH CHUEI FHF CE, NEUFA HAQIDA, TSDPN U VPECHSHNY FPCHBTYEBNY CH PVEEK NPZYME, LPFPTBS OE DBTPN OBSCHCHBEFUS "VTBFULPK". OP UENSHSN IPFEMPUSH YNEFSH PF VMYOLYI IPFSH YuFP-OYVKhDSH, CHPF FHF, TSDPN, YuFPVSH VSHMP OBD YUEN RPNPMYFSHUS Y RPRMBLBFSH. y LFPPZP HFEYEOYS, LPZDB YNEMBUSH CHPNPTSOPUFSH, FTHDOP VSHMP YI MYYYFSH.
xVYFSHCHI RTYCHPYMY U chBTYBCHULPZP YMY U vBMFYKULPZP CHPL'BMB, PVSHHLOPCHOOOP RPD CHEWET. l LBLPK-OYVKhDSH 10-PK YMY 6-PK 'BRBUOPK RMBFZhPTNE DPMTSEO RPPDKFY FPCHBTOSCHK RPE'D. RHUFPK RMBFZHTNE LHYULB MADEK haqida. nBMEOSHLYK P. yPBOO ezPTPC, RTPFPDSHSLPO lTEUFPCHULIK, TSDPN UPMDBF-RUBMPNEIL; X OEZP CH THLBI LBDYMP Y KHYEM U FTBHTOSHN PVMBYEOYEN. rSFSH RECHUYI. oEULPMSHLP PZHYGETPCH, YMY TBOESCH HAQIDA YIMEYUEOYY, YMY UBNY OB-DOSI EDHEYE CH RPML, n. h. UTEDY OYI PDOB CH ZHUFPK YUETOPK CHHBMY, FBL. YuFP RPYUFY OEMSHNING KHOBFSH, LFP POB. UEKUBU POB ZMBCHOPE MYGP. l OEK OE RPDIPDSF YU OEK OE 'DTPPCBAFUS, FPMSHLP RPYUFYFEMSHOP LMBOSAFUS Y'DBMY, B POB FYI RPLMPOPCH OE OBNEYUBEF. pLPMP OEE DCHE, FTY TsEOEYOSCH CH YUETOPN, UBNSHCHE VMYOLYE, NBFSH, UEUFTB. p FPN, UFP UMHYUMPUSH, POB OBEF KhCE OYULPMSHLP DOEK. CHUE LFY DOY POB DETSBMBUSH Y'P CHUEI UYM, FPMSHLP NPMYMBUSH Y RMBLBBMB X EUVS CH LLPNOBFE. OP UEKYUBU POB VPYFUS, YUFP OE CHSHCHDETTSYF... pYUEOSH HTs UFTBYOP LFP RETCHPE UCHYDBOYE RPUME TBBMHLY. fPMSHLP VSH OE CHJDHNBMPUSH LPNH-OYVKhDSH YUXHTSYI RPPDKFY, CHSFSH 'B THLH, RPGEMPCHBFSH, PVOSFSH... pOB LBL UFBLBO, OBMYFSHCHK U CHETIPN. fTPOKhFSH EZP Y CHUE TBPMSHEFUS. tsDBFSH RTYIPDIFUS DPMZP. yOPZDB YUBU, YOPZDB VPMSHYE. oBLPOEG RPLBBMBUSH ZPMPCHB VEELPOYUOPZP FPCHBTOPZP RPEBDB. OP RMBFZHTNB RKHUFB. TBBZTHTsBFSh VXDXF UBChFTB. UEKYUBU TBZTHYSF FPMSHLP PDYO CHBZPO. rPE'D RPDRPM' Y U ZTPIPFPN Y MS'ZPN PUFBOPCHYMUS. chEUPCHAIL RP VKHNBTSLE OBUYEM CHBZPO, AIRGBNY PFEEMLOKHM RMPNVKH, PFLBFYM DCHETSH Y OSCH ZHTBTSLKH RPUFPPTPOYMUS. h ChBZPO ChPYMP DHIPCHEOUFChP Y UVBMP PVMBYUBFSHUS. 'B OYNY FYIP, DBCHBS DTKhZ DTHZKH DPTPZKH, CHPYMY CHUE, TSEOOESCH CHREEDY, NHTSYUYOSCH UBDY. h RPMH DMYOOSHCHK, KHLYK, GYOLPCHSHCHK SAIL, Y' RBFTPOOSHI LPTPVPL HAQIDA ZMHVYOE. SOTISH PDYOBLPCHPK YYTYOSCH Y CH OPZBI Y CH RMEYUBI. OB RMPULPK LTSHCHYLE RTPCHPMPLPK LTEUF-OB-LTEUF, RTYRBSOSH OPTSOSCH YYBYLB, U LTBUOSCHN RPFTERBOOSCHN FENMSLPN. OBD OYNY RTYLTERMEOB UNSFBS, CHCHGCHEFYBS PF DPTsDEK Y UPMOGB 'BEIFOBS ZHHTBTsLB. TBDBAFF o'rganing. TBDKHCHBS LBDYMP, FYIP TPLPYUEF RTPFPDSHSLPO: “vMBZPUMPCHY CHMBDSCHLP...” “vMBZPUMPCHEO vPZ OBY...” fYIYN Y ZTHUFOSHN ZPMPUPN PFCHEYUBEF P. yPBOO. y FYIP, CH YUEFCHETFSH ZPPUUB, OP OPPVSHCHYUBKOP UPZMBUOP y UFTPKOP CHUFHRBAF RECHUYE: “vMBZPUMPCHEO EUY, zPURPDY, obHYUY NS PRTBCHDBOYEN fChPRYPJPERP, fChPPRYPJPEChK, ITBS EZP CHUE UPZTEYEOYS...”
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"Duel"
1905 yilda M. Gorkiyga bag'ishlangan "Duel" qissasi "Bilim" to'plamida (6-son) nashr etildi. U Tsusima fojiasi paytida nashr etilgan1 va darhol muhim ijtimoiy va adabiy voqeaga aylandi. Hikoyaning qahramoni, Kuprin avtobiografik xususiyatlarni bergan ikkinchi leytenant Romashov ham harbiylar haqida roman yozishga harakat qildi: "Uni dahshat va zerikish bo'lgan hikoya yoki ajoyib roman yozishga jalb qildi. harbiy hayot."
Zerikarli va chirigan ofitserlar kastasi haqida, faqat askarlarning qo'rquvi va xo'rligiga tayangan armiya haqida badiiy hikoya (va shu bilan birga hujjat), eng yaxshi qismi ofitserlar bilan salomlashdi. Kuprin tomonidan minnatdorchilik bildirildi turli burchaklar mamlakatlar. Biroq, Duelning odatiy qahramonlari bo'lgan ofitserlarning aksariyati g'azablandi.
Hikoyada bir nechta tematik chiziqlar mavjud: ofitserlar muhiti, askarlarning jangovar va kazarma hayoti, odamlar o'rtasidagi shaxsiy munosabatlar. “O'z yo'limda... sof insoniy fazilatlar Kuprin hikoyasining zobitlari juda boshqacha odamlardir.<...>...deyarli har bir ofitser shafqatsizlik, qo'pollik va loqaydlik bilan g'alati tarzda aralashgan zarur minimal "yaxshi his-tuyg'ularga ega" (O.N. Mixaylov). Polkovnik Shulgovich, kapitan Sliva, kapitan Osadchiy har xil odamlar, ammo ularning barchasi armiya ta'limi va ta'limining retrogradlari. Yosh ofitserlar, Romashovdan tashqari, Vetkin, Bobetinskiy, Olizar, Lobov, Bek-Agamalovlar. Polk ofitserlari orasida qo'pol va g'ayriinsoniy narsalarning timsoli sifatida kapitan Osadchi ajralib turadi. Yovvoyi ehtirosli, shafqatsiz, hamma narsadan nafratga to'la, qamish intizomi tarafdori, u hikoyaning bosh qahramoni ikkinchi leytenant Romashovga qarshi.
"Kupidlar" va "g'iybat" ga sho'ng'igan, qo'pol zobitlar va ularning xotinlari fonida Aleksandra Petrovna Nikolaeva, Shurochka g'ayrioddiy ko'rinadi. Romashov uchun u ideal. Shurochka - Kuprinning eng muvaffaqiyatli ayol tasvirlaridan biri. U jozibali, aqlli, hissiy, lekin ayni paytda oqilona va pragmatik. Shurochka tabiatan rostgo'y bo'lib tuyuladi, lekin uning manfaatlari talab qilganda yolg'on gapiradi. U o'zi sevgan, lekin uni chet eldan olib keta olmagan Kazanskiydan Nikolaevni afzal ko'rdi. O'zining ruhiy tuzilishida unga yaqin bo'lgan, uni g'ayratli va beg'araz sevadigan "Aziz Romochka" uni o'ziga jalb qiladi, lekin ayni paytda mos kelmaydigan o'yin bo'lib chiqadi.
Hikoyaning bosh qahramoni obrazi dinamikada berilgan. Romashov dastlab kitob g'oyalari, ishqiy qahramonlik va intilishlar olamida bo'lib, asta-sekin nurni ko'ra boshlaydi. Bu tasvir Kuprin qahramonining xususiyatlarini to'liq o'zida mujassam etgan - o'zini o'zi qadrlash va adolat tuyg'usiga ega, u osonlikcha himoyasiz, ko'pincha himoyasiz. Ofitserlar orasida Romashov hamfikrlarni topa olmaydi, hamma unga begona, Nazanskiydan tashqari, suhbatlarida u jonini olib ketadi. Armiya hayotining og'riqli bo'shligi Romashovni polkning "bezovtachi", kapitan Petersonning rafiqasi Raisa bilan munosabatlarga undadi. Albatta, bu uning uchun tez orada chidab bo'lmas holga keladi.
Boshqa ofitserlardan farqli o'laroq, Romashov askarlarga insoniy munosabatda bo'ladi. U doimo kamsitilgan va ezilgan Xlebnikovga tashvish bildiradi; u nizomga zid ravishda katta ofitserga yana bir adolatsizlik haqida aytishi mumkin, lekin u bu tizimda biror narsani o'zgartirishga ojizdir. Xizmat uni zulm qiladi. Romashov urushni inkor etish g‘oyasiga keladi: “Aytaylik, ertaga, aytaylik, xuddi shu soniyada hammaning miyasiga shu fikr keldi: ruslar, nemislar, inglizlar, yaponlar... hozir esa bunday emas. ko'proq urush, ofitserlar va askarlar yo'q, hamma uyiga ketdi.
Romashov passiv xayolparastning bir turi bo'lib, uning orzusi ilhom manbai emas, to'g'ridan-to'g'ri harakatlar uchun rag'bat emas, balki haqiqatdan qochish, qochish vositasi sifatida xizmat qiladi. Bu qahramonning jozibadorligi uning samimiyligidadir.
U ruhiy inqirozni boshdan kechirib, bu dunyo bilan o'ziga xos duelga kiradi. Hikoyani tugatuvchi baxtsiz Nikolaev bilan duel Romashovning voqelik bilan murosasiz ziddiyatining o'ziga xos ifodasiga aylanadi. Biroq, oddiy, oddiy, o'z muhitidan ajralib turadigan, fojiali muqarrarligi bilan ajralib turadigan "tabiiy" Romashov g'alaba qozonish uchun juda zaif va yolg'iz bo'lib chiqadi. Sevimli, maftunkor, hayotsevar, lekin xudbinlik bilan hisoblaydigan Shurochkaga sodiq qolgan Romashov vafot etadi.
1905 yilda Kuprin Ochakov kreyserida isyonchi dengizchilarning qatl etilishiga guvoh bo'ldi va bir nechta tirik qolganlarni kreyserdan yashirishga yordam berdi. Bu voqealar uning "Sevastopoldagi voqealar" inshosida aks ettirilgan, nashr etilganidan keyin Kupringa qarshi da'vo ochilgan - u 24 soat ichida Sevastopolni tark etishga majbur bo'lgan.
1907-1909 - qiyin davr ijodiy va Shaxsiy hayot Kuprin inqilob mag'lubiyatidan keyin umidsizlik va chalkashlik, oilaviy muammolar va "Bilim" bilan tanaffus bilan birga keldi. Yozuvchining siyosiy qarashlarida ham o‘zgarishlar yuz berdi. Inqilobiy portlash hali ham unga muqarrar bo'lib tuyuldi, ammo endi bu uni juda qo'rqitdi. “Jirkanch jaholat go‘zallik va ilmni tugatadi...” deb yozadi u (“Rossiyadagi armiya va inqilob”).