In the northern part, there is a monument to Jan Hus, at the foot of which tourists rest after long walks, using the lower ledges as benches. The large monument symbolizes national unity.
Jan Hus, a philosopher, preacher and reformer who fought for the freedom of the Czechs, was recognized as a heretic in 1414, and a year later he was sentenced by the Catholic Church to death by burning.
The consequences of this brutal execution provoked the Hussite Wars, in which on one side were the Hussites - the followers of Jan Hus, and on the second - the Roman Catholic Church. The war is remembered in history as the first war in Europe, where handguns were used and where the Hussite infantry inflicted significant damage on stronger opponents.
Half a century after the execution of Jan Hus, in 1915, a bronze monument was erected in the center of the Old Town, according to the sketches of the architect and artist Ladislav Shaloun in the Art Nouveau style. Jan Hus himself is depicted in the center of the elliptical pedestal, the rest of the sculptural group is divided into two "camps" - the Hussites and emigrants who left Bohemia after the war on the White Mountain of 1620, there is also a young mother - a symbol of the rebirth of the people.
Looking closely, you can also find carved inscriptions, one of them is a quote from J. Hus and reads like this: "Everyone wants love and truth." There are also excerpts from the chorale "Who are the soldiers of God" and an inscription carved in 1926 in honor of the independence of Czechoslovakia - "We believe that the government will turn to you again, Czech people."
After the burning of Hus, Hussite wars continued for another 20 years, but they did not lead to radical changes. The only thing that the Hussites achieved was the right to receive communion. Subsequently, a community of followers of Jan Hus will be formed - a community of Moravian brothers who will contribute to the history of the church.
Monument to Jan Hus (Prague, Czech Republic) - description, history, location, reviews, photo and video.
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When looking at the sights of the Old Town Square, in its northern part, be sure to pay attention to the majestic monument to Jan Hus. It appeared quite a long time ago: in 1915, in honor of the 500th anniversary of Jan's death. It was not by chance that the monument was installed in the most honorable place in the heart of the capital of the Czech Republic. As you know, Jan Hus is a national hero of the Czech people, a great thinker, the ideologist of the Czech Reformation.
The sculpture of such a prominent figure was given to be sculpted not by anyone, but by one of the most famous sculptors and artists of those times - Ladislav Shaloun. And he, I must say, created a very original monument. This is not just a sculpture on a pedestal, it is a whole composition that seems to grow out of the “heart” of the square. Around Jan Hus and Husita, and a young mother, personifying the revival of the ideas of Hus and the people. The inscription on the monument: "Love people." This is Yang's philosophy of life.
The last time the monument was closed for restoration was in 2007-2008, as the restorers feared for its condition: it is prefabricated, and not cast monumentally from bronze. Iron fastenings inside the monument could have suffered from time to time. After the restoration, the composition was reopened, and crowds of tourists and residents of the country, both Catholics and Protestants, come to him to pay tribute to the great son of the Czech Republic.
Attentive tourists will notice one detail. Coincidentally, Jan Hus proudly “looks” at the attic window, in which the binding looks like a Catholic cross.
The inscription on the monument: "Love people." This is the philosophy of life of Jan Hus.
Jan Hus was a reformer, preacher and founder of a new religious and socio-political trend not only in the Czech Republic, but throughout Europe. His supporters from 1391 to 1434 waged war with the dynasty of Habsburg monarchs. He was the first among the fighters for human rights and the Czechs, who became the personification of the unity of the people of the Czech Republic. Alas, his fate was deplorable. Not everyone liked the ascetic activity of Hus, so he was declared a heretic and burned alive at the stake in the hope that, having removed the leader, the rest would scatter themselves. But this act only led to a twenty-year Hussite war.
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JOURNEY TO MEMORIAL PLACES OF THE GUSIST MOVEMENT Completed by a student of grade 6 "K" Berezhnoy Artemy
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Jan Hus Jan Hus was born in the town of Husinec in South Bohemia in 1369 or 1371 (data differ) into a poor family. From childhood, his mother instilled in Jan faith in God. At the age of 18, he entered the Charles University at the Faculty of Liberal Arts. After receiving a master's degree, Jan was offered a position as a university teacher, in 1401 he was elected dean of the faculty, and then twice elected rector. At Charles University, Hus gets acquainted with the works of the English reformer John Wycliffe, which radically change his views on faith and life, and he begins to oppose the papacy. monument to Jan Hus on the Old Town Square
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Bethlehem chapel Bethlehem chapel became the platform for his sermon. This simple-looking church is nothing like the magnificent Gothic temples, and it was founded by ordinary people who wanted to listen to sermons in the Czech language. Inside there are no icons, no statues, no frescoes and stained glass windows. Only the pulpit, a place for the choir, and a spacious auditorium. Now there is a museum in the Bethlehem chapel, concerts, university events are held. Divine services are currently held here only once a year - July 6, the day of the execution of Jan Hus.
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New Town Hall In July 1419, a group of Hus's followers, led by Jan Zhelivsky, during a speech at St. Stephen's Church, demanded that the city magistrate release Hus' supporters, who were arrested for openly expressing their views. At that moment, someone from the New Town Hall threw a stone at the gathered crowd, to which the audience reacted with a spontaneous attack on the town hall. A group led by Jan Zhelivsky, which included Jan Zizka, who later became a hero of the Hussite movement, broke into the New Town magistrate and threw three councilors and seven townspeople who sympathized with Hus's opponents out of the windows.
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City of Tabor The Hussite movement was concentrated not only in Prague. Back in 1420, the center of this movement appeared in the South Bohemian city of Tabor, where the most radical forces were grouped. After the death of the master, the number of his supporters only increased. The Taborites were at war with the Catholics, so the city was originally built not as an ordinary settlement for life, but as a fortified camp. Therefore, the streets in the old city are very narrow, crooked and confusing.
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The Taborites and Jan Zizka The Taborites lived as a community and rejected any hierarchy. Some of them were engaged in crafts, providing for the army, and some fought. In the center of the city, of course, the main square. There is a cathedral, a Hussian museum and a monument to Jan Zizka. It was he who came up with the idea of using the wagenburg - carts fastened together as a defensive fortification and a springboard for attacks. Although initially simple peasants and artisans went to the Taborites, over time they learned to handle cannons, spears, crossbows and other weapons and became a formidable army. monument to Jan Zizka in Tabora
Monument to Jan Hus / Pomník Jana Husa
Monument to Jan Hus(Czech. Pomník Jana Husa) was installed on the Old Town Square in Prague in 1915 on July 6 on the 500th anniversary of the death of the reformer and fighter for the rights of the Czech people Jan Hus. The sculptor is Ladislav Shaloun. The monument, as it were, grows out of the square itself. It was originally planned to install this monument on Bethlehem Square (Czech. Betlémské náměstí), opposite the Bethlehem Chapel. The monument itself symbolizes the revival of the ideas of Hus and the whole people.
The monument is designed in the form of a composition, in the very center of which there is a sculpture of Jan Hus himself. Also depicted are the Hussites and Protestants, who were expelled 200 years after the execution of the reformer himself. A young mother is a symbol of the rebirth of the people. On the monument itself is the inscription "Love people", which reveals the essence of the philosophical life of Jan Hus. The whole composition is set on a wide granite pedestal in the form of an ellipse. The monument is a reflection of the most important and sad moments in the history of the Czech people.
On May 31, 1890, an association was formed, headed by Vojtech Naprstek. The purpose of this association was to create a monument to the preacher and reformer Jan Hus. In 1891, a competition was announced, which was won by the sculptor William Amorta. But his project was not implemented, because. For a long time, disputes over the placement of the monument continued. It was proposed to install it on Wenceslas, Bethlehem or Small Square. In 1900, a second competition was announced. The winner was the authors of the project: Stanislav Suharda, Jan Kotera and Ladislav Shaloun. Construction began in July 1903 and lasted 12 years.
Jan Hus (Czech. Jan Hus) was born in 1369 in the village of Gusinec near the town of Prachatice in the Czech Kingdom. At an early age he went to study in Prague, where he earned his living by singing and serving in the temple. Gul loved to study, participated in all university activities. In 1393 he received a bachelor's degree in liberal arts, a year later - a bachelor's degree in divinity. In 1396 he was awarded the title of Master of Liberal Arts. That was the end of his achievements in the field of study.
From 1398 he taught at the University of Prague, later became dean of the Faculty of Liberal Arts. And in 1409 - 1410 he was the rector of the university. At the beginning of the 15th century, Jan Hus became a supporter of the teachings of Wycliffe and began to actively preach it. Hus condemned the mores of the clergy, demanded a church reform. King Wenceslas IV took his side and in 1409 signed the Kutnagorsk Decree. In the same year, Jan Hus completely broke with the Catholic Church. For him, the authority of the Bible was higher than the authority of the pope.
After 3 years, the king refused to support Hus when in 1412 he opposed the sale of papal indulgences. Jan Hus was later expelled from Prague. On June 4, 1415, he was brought to Konstanz, where, without giving a word, they demanded a renunciation of their heresy. July 1, 1415 Hus handed the text of the abdication. On July 6, 1415, a verdict was read to him in the Cathedral, which stated that he would be burned alive if he did not recant. Jan Hus did not renounce and on the same day was burned at the stake in Constance. The execution of a fighter for the rights of the Czech people stirred up Czech society, and also gave impetus to the Hussite movement. Later, Jan Hus was declared a Czech saint. In 1416, the same death befell his friend Jerome of Prague.
In 1845, Taras Shevchenko wrote the poem "The Heretic" dedicated to Jan Hus, the preacher and national hero of the Czech people. The ideologist of the Czech Reformation was considered a heretic at that time, so Shevchenko's poem was cursed and burned by Catholic monks on a hill in the Vatican.
Welcome in your glory
I my misery
Mite-thought unwise
About the Czech saint
great martyr,
About the glorious Gus.
The book repeated the fate of its hero: Jan Hus was burned at the stake along with his writings on July 6, 1415 for expressing an opinion that differed from the official policy of the Catholic Church.
On one of the summer days of 1371 in the small town of Gusinec in the south of the Czech Republic, a third son was born into the family of a poor peasant, who was named Jan. The father worked tirelessly from dawn to dusk to feed the family, the mother busied herself with the housework, and both of them increasingly thought about the fate of their children. For the son of a peasant at that time there was only one opportunity, promising deliverance from overwork, poverty and hunger - to become a priest. But for this it was necessary to go through a difficult path of learning.
There was no school in Gusinets, and the parents, overcoming many difficulties, assigned Jan to a school in the city of Prachatice, which was an hour's journey from his home. The school in Prachatice was no different from the usual educational institutions for the Middle Ages. Grammar, rhetoric and dialectics were taught here, in the senior classes they also taught arithmetic and astronomy. First of all, the students studied Latin grammar. In arithmetic, training most often did not go beyond the addition and subtraction of integers, and division was considered the height of wisdom. Astronomy consisted in the fact that students were forced to memorize the days of church holidays, and dialectics was reduced to the presentation of the simplest rules of reasoning. All teaching was based on scripture, and the main subject was the law of God. In medieval schools, students had to memorize passages of church texts, the longest Latin verses and the tunes of psalms.
Teaching was hampered by the fact that there were no printed books at all then, and the students had to overcome school science by heart, repeating each phrase several times after the teacher. The teachers more than compensated for the shortcomings of their own knowledge and the imperfection of teaching methods with beatings, rods and slaps, which were in abundance for the students. But even getting into such a school was not easy. A lot of chickens, geese, eggs and other supplies had to be brought to the teacher, slate boards or waxed wooden tablets, on which schoolchildren usually wrote, were expensive. They could not afford to buy a parchment or paper notebook.
On the main street of the town of Gusinec at number 36, the house where Jan Hus was born and spent his childhood has been preserved. In addition to this house, there is another place in the vicinity of Gusinets, which the legend associates with the name of the Magister - Gusova rock in the valley of the Blanice river. They say that when young Hus was studying in Prachatice, he came to this stone block to rest and read, and leaned his head on the rock. So the trace from Jan's head was imprinted on the stone. And during one strong storm, Jan Hus, who was walking home from school, hid under this rock. Lightning struck a juniper bush growing near a rock, and it burst into flames. Jan's mother, who hastened to meet the boy, found him sitting under a rock and looking at a burning bush. Instead of answering the question why he is not in a hurry to go home, little Gus showed his mother to a bush and said: “You see, how this bush, and I will leave this world in fire.”
After graduating from school, Yang wanted to study further and become a priest. Subsequently, he himself admitted that the hope of achieving a well-fed and prosperous life led him to such a decision. An eighteen-year-old youth goes to Prague with his mother, who carried a live goose and a large white roll in her arms - modest gifts for those on whom the decision to accept her son to university depended. On the very outskirts of Prague, the goose escaped and in vain mother and son tried to catch him. Nevertheless, Jan, for just one kalach and for the knowledge that he had, was admitted to the Faculty of Liberal Arts. The Prague University also had theological and medical faculties, but Hus had to study at the cheapest faculty, earning a living by singing in Catholic churches. At that time, he was so poor that he ate the cheapest pea soup, he also did not have dishes, so Jan made a spoon from bread crumb, which he ate with the soup.
And yet, a talented peasant son in 1393 receives a bachelor's degree, after 3 years - a master's degree and becomes a teacher at Charles University. At that time, the principle of teaching was quite modern: the master chose scientific works, in his opinion very important, for study with his students. Jan Hus chooses the works of the English professor and theologian John Wyclif as the object of discussion and debate (the main form of education). While lecturing at the University of Oxford, Wyclif sharply criticized the wealth of the church and condemned the greed of the clergy, referring to the fact that Christ and the apostles did not have any property. John Wyclif taught that the head of the church is not the pope, but Christ himself, and that each person is connected with God directly, without the mediation of priests. Jan Hus also fell under the influence of these ideas.
In 1401, Hus was elected dean, and the next year, rector of Charles University. In these positions, Jan fought against the dominance of German science, German theology, and the German language at the university. His work "Czech Orthography", dedicated to the creation of a literary medieval Czech language and the reform of Czech spelling, is well known. Hus' scientific work on linguistics is still used today in Czech grammar: to represent each sound of speech as a separate letter, he developed the diacritical (above letter) signs haček (č), charka (á) and circle (ů).
Such scientific activity, the spread of Protestant ideas among students and the administrative reforms of Jan Hus, according to which the Czechs received three votes in the university council, and the Germans only one, caused a wave of indignation among German students and teachers. In protest, more than a thousand people left Prague and headed for the universities of Leipzig, Heidelberg, Vienna and Cologne. Charles University lost its former importance, ceased to be the "center of learning" of the entire Holy Roman Empire, turned into a purely national school, and Jan Hus took the priesthood and was appointed rector and preacher of the Bethlehem Chapel in Prague's Stare Mesto.
Jan Hus, a talented orator and a man of unprecedented courage, read his sermons in Czech. In these sermons, which were attended by up to three thousand people, he not only often touched on everyday life (which was unusual at that time), but also openly criticized the Catholic Church. From the pulpit of the Bethlehem chapel, Hus mocked such "holy relics" as the swaddling clothes of Jesus Christ, the tablecloth from the Last Supper, the rope with which Christ was bound; said that “if you collect all the tibia bones of St. Brigid throughout Europe, it turns out that she was a centipede” and “Christ ascended to heaven all, so none of his parts - for example, hair from a beard - cannot remain on Earth.” He criticized the sale of indulgences and church positions, payment for the performance of ceremonies, drunkenness and the rampant behavior of priests in this example: a well-known canon from Hradchanskaya Square constantly loses church money in a tavern, returns home almost naked and wakes up the whole street in the middle of the night with knocking and screaming.
As a person deeply and sincerely believing, Jan Hus wanted one thing from the church - that she observe the Law of God and herself act as she teaches the faithful. To spread his teachings, Hus not only preached from the pulpit: he also ordered the Bethlehem chapel to be painted with edifying scenes, composed several religious songs, writing notes and words on the walls, thanks to which these songs became folk.
The sermons of Jan Hus create an anti-church protest movement that engulfed all segments of the population: impoverished peasants and artisans, merchants who paid church tithes, impoverished landless knights and barons, the king, who dreamed of receiving part of the astronomical church wealth. Pogroms of priests begin in the Czech Republic, they were caught in the apartments of their mistresses and drowned in the river. The Pope issues a bull against Jan Hus, forbidding him to preach, perform church activities and rites (confess, baptize, bury, etc.), all his books are burned. Appealing to Christ, Hus refuses to carry out the orders of the Pope and the Archbishop of Prague, continuing to openly criticize church authorities in front of believers. This is how he appears in the painting by the Czech artist Alfons Mucha "Sermon of Master Jan Hus in the Bethlehem Chapel."
In November 1414, Jan Hus was summoned to the Cathedral of Constance, and Emperor Sigismund promised him personal safety. There is a widespread misconception that this 16th Ecumenical Council gathered 700 bishops of the Catholic Church to massacre Hus. In fact, the main task of the Council of Constance was to stop the Great Western Schism of the Catholic Church, when three pretenders at once declared themselves true popes: Gregory XII of Rome, Benedict XIII of Avignon and John XXIII of Pisa. During the four years of the work of the council, many problems were solved regarding the renewal of the church and church doctrine: all three antipopes were deposed and a new and only pope, Martin V, was elected, a decision was made on the primacy of the ecumenical council over the pope, a number of exactions were canceled in favor of the papal curia, in order arbitration settlement resolved the territorial dispute between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Teutonic Order.
Jan Hus was charged with heresy and organizing the expulsion of Germans from the University of Prague, he was arrested and put on bread and water. At first, Gus refused to speak during interrogations, and in order for him to start answering, a death sentence was read to him, which could be immediately carried out if Gus did not defend himself. The hearing of the case of Jan Hus at the cathedral took place from June 5 to 8, 1415, surrounded by people who hated him: they shouted, whistled, stomped, preventing him from expounding his teaching, and he again appealed to Christ. In the Old Town Hall hangs a large-format painting by the Czech artist Vaclav Brozik "Jan Hus in front of the church cathedral in Constanta when he was sentenced to death."
After Hus was sentenced to death, Emperor Sigismund and the archbishops came to him many times with a request to renounce his beliefs, but he did not do it: “It is contrary to my conscience to renounce phrases that I have never uttered” and “I am Goose, but for the Swan will come with me!” predicting the appearance of the great reformer Martin Luther in a hundred years. After a written refusal to renounce his "delusions", on July 6, 1415, Jan Hus was burned at the stake by the verdict of the Catholic Church. His last words, "Oh, holy simplicity!" Gus said to the fanatical old woman who put a bundle of brushwood in his fire.
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